基于深度学习的STEM教学设计模式构建

Construction of STEM Teaching Design Model Based on Deep Learning

在当前教育领域,STEM教育逐渐成为推动学生综合能力发展的重要途径,然而如何设计有效的STEM教学活动、适应社会对人才的需求、促进学生高阶能力的培养,仍然是教育工作者需要解决的关键问题。基于深度学习理念,分析了深度学习与STEM教育的内涵、特征及二者之间的关系,从促进深度学习发生的角度,依据STEM教学设计的“学习目标、学习内容、学习者、学习活动和评价反思”五个要素,构建了基于深度学习的STEM教学设计模式,模式以建立“大概念”知识体系、培养高阶思维能力、价值与品质塑造为学习目标,以多学科知识和元认知知识的学习为学习内容;设计发现问题、分析问题、科学探究和设计制作的学习过程,从引发认知冲突、分解子问题、引导思维外显、提供学习支持、培养元认知能力、提供设计策略和制作技巧等方面组织学习活动;利用多角度、多主体的评价和对学习结果及认知过程的反思,实现对学生高阶能力的培养。

In the current educational field,STEM education has gradually become an important means to promote the develop-ment of students’comprehensive abilities.However,designing effective STEM teaching activities to meet societal talent demands and foster students’higher-order abilities remains a key challenge for educators.This article,grounded in the concept of deep learn-ing,analyzes the connotation,characteristics,and relationship between deep learning and STEM education.From the perspective of promoting deep learning,it constructs a STEM teaching design model based on deep learning around the five elements of learning objectives,learning content,learners,learning activities and evaluation and reflection.This includes establishing a“big concept”knowledge system,cultivating higher-order thinking abilities,shaping values and qualities as learning objectives,learning multidisci-plinary knowledge and metacognitive knowledge as learning content,and designing the learning process of identifying problems,ana-lyzing problems,scientific inquiry,and design and production.It organizes learning activities from triggering cognitive conflict,de-composing sub-problems,guiding the externalization of thinking,providing learning support,cultivating metacognitive abilities,offer-ing design strategies and production skills,and utilizes multi-perspective,multi-subject evaluation and reflection on learning out-comes and cognitive processes to foster students’higher-order abilities.