听障大学生童年期虐待对抑郁的作用机制:听障大学生与普通大学生的比较分析

The Mechanisms of Childhood Maltreatment on the Depression in Hearing-Impaired University Students:Evidence from the Comparison between Hearing-Impaired and Regular University Students

为探讨童年期虐待对听障大学生抑郁的作用机制以及反刍思维和应对方式的中介作用,并比较听障大学生与普通大学生在作用机制上的差异,本研究采用童年期虐待问卷、反刍思维量表、特质应对方式问卷和抑郁自评量表对719名大学生进行问卷调查。结果发现:(1)听障大学生的童年期虐待、反刍思维、消极应对和抑郁水平高于普通大学生,积极应对不存在差异。(2)童年期虐待对大学生抑郁有正向预测作用;反刍思维、积极应对和消极应对在童年期虐待对抑郁的影响中起部分中介作用;反刍思维和积极应对、反刍思维和消极应对在童年期虐待对抑郁的影响中起链式中介作用。(3)听障大学生群体中,消极应对的中介效应以及反刍思维和消极应对的链式中介效应均小于普通大学生;反刍思维和积极应对的链式中介作用在听障大学生中不成立,但在普通大学生中成立。即童年期虐待是大学生抑郁的风险因素,其在听障大学生和普通大学生中的作用机制不同。因此,应重视童年期虐待对听障大学生抑郁的影响,通过改善反刍思维、培养积极应对、减少消极应对来缓解听障大学生抑郁的发生。

To explore the mechanisms of childhood maltreatment on the depression of hearing-impaired university students and the mediating role of rumination and coping style,as well as the differences between hearing-impaired and regular university students.In this study,a total of 719 university students were investigated by using the Childhood Maltreatment Questionnaire,the Rumination Scale,the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire and the Depression Self-Rating Scale.The results revealed that:(1)The hearing-impaired university students reported higher levels of childhood maltreatment,rumination,negative coping and depression than regular university students,while no significant differences were found in positive coping.(2)Childhood maltreatment positively predicted depression of university students,with rumination,positive coping and negative coping playing a partial mediating role,with rumination and positive coping,rumination and negative coping playing a chain mediating role.(3)Among the hearing-impaired university students,the mediating effect of negative coping and the chain mediating effect of rumination and negative coping were smaller than regular university students;the chain mediating effect of rumination and positive coping was not established in hearing-impaired university students,but it was established in regular university students.That is,childhood maltreatment was an important risk factor for depression among university students,and its mechanism of action was different between hearing-impaired university students and regular university students.Consequently,we should pay attention to the influence of childhood maltreatment on the depression of hearing-impaired university students,and effectively alleviate the depression of them by improving rumination,cultivating positive coping and reducing negative coping.