基层公共资源配置、精英俘获与相对贫困——个体信息能力缺失的致贫机理与实证检验

Grassroots Public Resource Distribution,Elite Capture and Relative Poverty:An Empirical Study on Mechanism of Poverty Caused by Lack of Individual Information Literacy

由政府主导的公共资源分配旨在提升市场竞争弱势人群的经济参与能力,但精英人群常常凭借自身优势,攫取公共资源的额外收益,从而导致精英俘获。文章基于效用函数,对个体信息能力差异导致相对贫困的机理进行数理推导,利用现场调查数据对精英俘获的数理模型进行实证检验。研究发现:在个体受教育水平约束条件下,具有信息能力优势的精英群体将更可能俘获公共资源并获得额外收益;在受教育年限小于等于9年的群体中发现广泛存在精英俘获现象,且个体的受教育水平强化其信息优势之于公共资源额外收益俘获的正向影响,而在受教育年限大于9年的群体中并未发现精英俘获现象。在信息社会语境下,解析精英俘获的“信息机理”不仅有助于保障公共资源切实惠及目标人群,也有助于从个体信息能力层面为脱贫成果巩固与乡村振兴衔接政策的设计提供新思路。

The state-led allocation of public resources is intended to increase the economic participation of those who are competitively disadvantaged in the marketplace,but elites are more likely to exploit their roles to gain addi-tional benefits from public resources.This phenomenon is known as elite capture.Using the utility function,this pa-per provides a mathematical analysis of the mechanism by which the differences in individual information literacy lead to relative poverty,and empirically tests the mathematical model using data from a filed survey.The study finds that,within the constraints of individual educational attainment,elites with an information literacy advan-tage are more likely to have access to public resources and to receive additional benefits.Elite capture is prevalent among those with less than or equal to 9 years of education received,and the individual educational attainment rein-forces the positive effect of one’s information advantage on additional benefits obtained from public resources.On the contrary,there is no evidence of elite capture among those with more than 9 years of education.In the context of the information society,the analysis of the informational mechanism of elite capture not only helps to ensure that public resources tangibly benefit the target population,but also helps to provide new ideas for the design of policies that reconcile the consolidation of progress in poverty elimination with the strategy of rural revitalization from the perspective of individual information literacy.