健康老龄化背景下农村老年人互助养老需求及其影响因素分析

Analysis on the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of the Needs for Mutual Assistance among the Rural Elderly under the Background of the Healthy Aging

目的 调查农村老年人互助养老需求并分析其影响因素。方法 2020年9月-2021年3月,采用便利抽样对湖南省农村地区1 022名60岁及以上常住居民进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括一般资料和互助养老需求表。采用χ2检验与二分类Logistic回归分析农村老年人互助养老需求的影响因素。结果 91.0%的农村老年人愿意参与互助养老,其中59.1%的农村老年人互助养老需求较高;Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥80岁(OR=4.01,95%CI:1.43~11.22)、患病种类≥3种(OR=3.56,95%CI:1.52~8.34)、健康知识需求较高(OR=2.63,95%CI:1.26~5.50)、家人支持互助养老(OR=2.09,95%CI:0.96~4.55)、患病时不能及时到医院(OR=0.57,95%CI:0.34~0.97)的农村老年人互助需求较大(P<0.05)。结论 农村老年人的互助需求较大且受多种因素的影响,高龄、患病种类多、健康知识储备低下是其独立危险因素,未来为农村老年人提供精准的互助养老服务应着眼于健康保健服务和精神慰藉服务。

Objective This stud aimed to analyze the current situation and influencing factors of mutual assistance for the elderly in rural areas.Methods From September 2020 to March 2021,convenience sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 1022 residents aged 60 and above in rural areas.The content of the questionnaire included general information and mutual assistance pension demand table.The chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of the demand for mutual assistance among the elderly in rural areas.Results A total of 91.0%of the elderly in rural areas were willing to participate in mutual assistance,of which 59.1%of them needed mutual assistance in elderly care.The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that the rural elderly who were≥80 years old(OR=4.01,95%CI:1.43-11.22),had≥3 kinds of diseases(OR=3.56,95%CI:1.52-8.34),had a high demand for health knowledge(OR=2.63,95%CI:1.26-5.50),whose families supported mutual aid for the elderly(OR=2.09,95%CI:0.96-4.55),and could not go to the hospital in time when they were ill(OR=0.57,95%CI:0.34-0.97)had a high demand for mutual assistance(P<0.05).Conclusion The mutual assistance needs of the elderly in rural areas are relatively high and affected by various factors.Old age,various types of diseases,low health knowledge reserve,unable to get to the hospital in time are independent risk factors.The provision of precise mutual assistance services for the elderly in rural areas should focus on health care and spiritual comfort services.