湖南高望界国家级自然保护区两栖类多样性及海拔分布格局

Diversity and elevation distribution pattern of amphibians in Hunan Gaowangjie National Nature Reserve

为掌握湖南高望界国家级自然保护区两栖类多样性及分布格局,促进区域的生物多样性保护和监测,于2022年4月一2023年5月通过样线法对两栖动物进行了调查研究。结果显示:(1)共记录两栖类动物25种,隶属2目8科17属;其中新种1种一一高望界疣螈(Tylototriton gaowangjienensis),保护区新纪录种13种。(2)保护区优势种有川村陆蛙(Fejervarya kawamurai)和黑斑侧褶蛙(Pelophylax nigromaculatus),国家重点保护野生动物有虎纹蛙(Hoplobatrachus chinensis)。(3)科、属、种的丰富度在海拔梯度上的分布格局大致相同,随海拔升高丰富度在≤250m和>550~650m范围有较大峰值。(4)不同生境中山间溪流的物种多样性最高;在海拔≤250m的区间物种多样性最高。(5)不同海拔段的物种数量之间存在显著差异;山间溪流与其他生境之间在物种数量上均存在显著差异。摸清了保护区两栖动物多样性本底,查明了区域内生物多样性保护中存在的问题和威胁因素,为该区域生物多样性保护工作的开展提供了基础资料。

In order to grasp the amphibian diversity and distribution pattern in Hunan Gaowangjie National Nature Reserve,and promote the protection and monitoring of regional biodiversity,the amphibians were investigated by line transect method from April 2022 to May 2023.The results showed that a total of 25 species of amphibians belonging to 17 genera,8 families and 2 orders,including one new speciesTylototriton gaowangjienensis,and 13 species newly-recorded in the reserve.The dominant species in the reserve were Fejervarya kawamurai and Pelophylax nigromaculatus,and the national key protected wild animal was Hoplobatrachus chinensis.The richness of families,genera and species were distributed in the same pattern on the altitude gradient,and the richness peaked at altitude≤250 m and>550 to 650 m.The species diversity of mountain streams was the highest in the habitat,and the species diversity was the highest in the altitude≤250 m.There were significant differences in the number of species at different altitudes;there were significant differences in the number of species between streams and other habitats.The ecological background of amphibian diversity within the reserve were investigated,and the prevailing issues and threatening factors in biodiversity conservation were identified,which furnished basic data for biodiversity conservation in the reserve.