《老子》“为学”和“为道”辨证与阐释

Dialectics and Interpretation of “Learning” and “Taoism” in Laozi

“为学”和“为道”是《老子》中的一对重要概念。“为学”指的是学习经验性的知识,包括人学、物学和事学的知识;“为道”则强调对“道”的领悟和达观。但实际上“为学”与“为道”是对立统一的,两者既有矛盾的一面,也有一致的一面,即在“为”的层面上两者一致,而在“学”与“道”的层面上则不同。具体而言,两者在内容、目的上有同有异,但在方法上则完全不同。

Seeking learning and seeking Tao are a pair of important concepts in Laozi. Seeking learning refers to learning empirical knowledge, including knowledge about human beings, things and events, while seeking Tao emphasizes the comprehension and optimism of the Tao . But in fact, seeking learning and seeking Tao are in unity of opposites. They have both contradictory and consistent aspects. That is, they are consistent at the level of “doing”, but different at the level of “learning” and “ Tao ”. Specifically, the two have similarities and differences in content and purpose, but are completely different in methodology.