机器人应用如何提升中国制造企业绿色发展质量——基于“减排”与“增效”双重目标约束下指数构建分析

How Robot Applications Improve the Green Development Quality of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises——An Analysis Based on the Construction of Indices under the Dual Constraints of“Emission Reduction”and“Efficiency Enhancement”

随着人类社会进入以人工智能和机器人为主要特征的新一轮技术革命时代,工业自动化成为产业变革和转型的主要方式,机器人应用能否实现中国制造企业绿色质量提升,是一个有待回答的重要问题。本文从制造企业“减排”与“增效”双重目标下采用变异系数法构建了企业绿色发展质量指数,基于中国微观大数据识别并验证了机器人应用如何影响制造企业绿色发展质量。研究发现,机器人应用以实现企业绿色发展中“减排”与“降污”、“提质”与“增效”的双重目标,显著提高了制造企业绿色发展质量。在考虑城市层面遗漏变量、重新识别核心变量、企业动态演化效应、样本选择性偏误和构建“巴蒂克工具变量”等方法后,验证了机器人应用突破制造企业减排与增效两难选择困境提高企业绿色发展质量结论的稳健性。进一步发现,机器人应用通过能源效率渠道降低企业绿色发展中污染物排放、通过生产效率和规模扩大实现企业以增效为目标的企业绿色发展质量提升。

As human society enters a new era characterized by artificial intelligence and robots,industrial automation has become a primary means of industrial revolution and transformation.Whether robot applications can achieve green quality improvement for Chinese manufacturing enterprises is an important question yet to be answered.This paper constructs a green development quality index for enterprises using the coefficient of variation method under the dual goals of“emission reduction”and“efficiency improvement”.Based on micro big data from China,it identifies and verifies how robot applications affect the green development quality of manufacturing enterprises.The research findings show that robot applications significantly improve the green development quality of manufacturing enterprises by achieving the dual goals of“emission reduction”and“pollution reduction”as well as“quality improvement”and“efficiency enhancement”.After considering urban-level omitted variables,reidentifying core variables,dynamic evolution effects of enterprises,sample selection bias,and constructing“Bartik instrumental variables”,the robustness of the conclusion that robot applications break through the dilemma of emission reduction and efficiency enhancement and improve the quality of green development of enterprises is verified.Furthermore,it is found that robot applications reduce pollutant emissions in green development through energy efficiency channels and enhance the quality of green development of enterprises with efficiency enhancement as the goal through production efficiency and scale expansion.