战后日本学术评价体系的历史演进与评析

The Historical Evolution and Evaluation of Japan's Academic Evaluation System after the end of WWⅡ

战后日本学术评价体系的演进经历了孕育期、探索期、确立期和成熟发展期。顺应经济社会以及教育科技的发展需求,日本学术评价体系在代变革中坚持将科学价值与创新能力作为评价着力点,形成了涵盖评价主体、评价客体、评价手段的科学分类评价体系。整体而言,日本学术评价体系呈现出法治化、多元化、分类化、分权治理的典型特点,发挥了促进资源合理配置、保证高水平学术质量、构建良好学术生态、增强科技竞争力等重要作用。日本学术评价体系建设仍需进一步夯实理论研究基础、健全元评价机制、加强评价学科与人才培养,其发展经验与优化建议对中国优化学术评价体系具有一定的借鉴意义。

The evolution of Japan's academic evaluation system after World War Ⅱ went through stages of incubation,exploration,establishment and mature development.In response to the development needs of the economy,society and education technology,Japan's academic evaluation system has adhered to the scientific value and innovation ability in iterative changes,and has formed a scientific classification evaluation system that covers evaluation subjects,evaluation objects and evaluation methods.Overall,Japan's academic evaluation system presents the typical characteristics of rule of law,diversification,classification and decentralized governance,playing an important role in promoting the rational allocation of resources,ensuring high-level academic quality,building a good academic ecosystem,and enhancing technological competitiveness.The construction of Japan's academic evaluation system still needs to further consolidate the theoretical research foundation,improve the meta evaluation mechanism,and strengthen the evaluation discipline and talent cultivation.The development experience and optimization suggestions of Japan's academic evaluation system have certain reference significance for China to further optimize its academic evaluation system.