轮胎磨损颗粒物精细化组分污染特征研究

Study on the pollution characteristics of fine components of tire wear particles

为明晰机动车轮胎磨损颗粒物(TWPs)的污染特征,从而为大气颗粒物来源解析提供更详细的成分谱数据,利用轮胎耐久性测试平台对10种国内市场上主流的轮胎进行TWPs采样,并分析了22种无机元素、10种水溶性离子、有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)的含量。结果表明,TWPs中碳质组分最丰富,OC和EC的质量分数平均值分别为44.0%、9.3%,主要来源于胎面颗粒。OC/EC的平均值为4.9,说明OC存在二次来源。无机元素的质量分数平均值为9.3%,其中Si和Zn最丰富,质量分数分别为7.4%、0.9%。水溶性离子的质量分数平均值为3.4%,最主要的阴离子和阳离子分别是SO_(4)^(2-)和NH^(+)_(4)。四季胎产生的TWPs中OC、EC、无机元素和水溶性离子含量均高于冬季胎。OC、Si和Al在TWPs中的含量随轮胎速度等级升高而呈现明显增加趋势。

To clarify the pollution characteristics of tire wear particles(TWPs)from vehicles and more detailed data for composition profile of ambient particle matter sources,10 typical tires in Chinese markets were chosen for TWPs sampling using a tire durability test platform.22 inorganic elements,10 water-soluble ions,organic carbon(OC)and elemental carbon(EC)were analyzed.Results showed that the most abundant composition was carbon component,which were mainly derived from tire tread particles.The average mass fractions of OC and EC were 44.0%and 9.3%,respectively.The average OC/EC was 4.9,indicating that OC might come from secondary sources.The average mass fraction of inorganic elements was 9.3%,and Si and Zn were the most abundant,with average mass fractions of 7.4%and 0.9%,respectively.The average mass fraction of water-soluble ions was 3.4%,among which SO_(4)^(2-)and NH^(+)_(4)had the highest mass fractions in anions and cations,respectively.The content of OC,EC,inorganic elements and water-soluble ions in TWPs produced by all-season tires were higher than that produced by winter tires.The content of OC,Si and Al in TWPs increased with the lifting of tire speed grade significantly.