行政机关信息管理行为的司法规制

Judicial Regulation of Information Management Act of Administrative Organs

行政机关信息管理行为属于行政机关信息处理行为的一种子类型,是实体性行政决定的前提与基础。利用数字技术的信息管理行为具有不定型性与语境依赖性,同时极易流通与传播的特征容易引起事后损害的不可逆性,此外法律规范的缺乏也使得合法性审查存在困难。对此,在个案救济的司法规制场景中,一方面应当通过受案范围条款与诉权条款的柔软解释,尽可能地将侵害个人信息权的信息管理行为纳入司法救济范围;另一方面可以利用主观权利与客观合法性审查结合的方法,从事实瑕疵与规范瑕疵两个角度认定行为的违法性,并选择适当判决实现权利救济。在公益维护的司法规制场景中,检察机关应当充分履行参与社会治理职责,发挥检察建议的“公益原状恢复”功能。审判机关个案裁判、检察机关个案监督与社会治理检察建议的协同治理,构成了对行政机关信息管理行为司法规制的全景。

Information management act of administrative organs belongs to a sub-type of information processing act of administrative organs, which is the premise and basis of substantive administrative decision. The information management act using digital technology is uncertain and context-dependent, and it is easy to circulate and spread, which easily leads to the irreversibility of the damage afterwards. In addition, the lack of legal norms also makes it difficult to review the legality. In this regard, in the judicial regulation scenario of case relief, on the one hand, the information management act that infringes on personal information right should be included into the scope of judicial relief as much as possible through the soft interpretation of the scope of case acceptance clause and the right of action clause. On the other hand, we can use the method of combining subjective rights and objective legality review to identify the illegality of the act from the two angles of the fact defect and the norm defect, and choose the appropriate judgment to realize the right relief. In the judicial regulation scenario of public welfare maintenance, procuratorial organs should fully perform their duties of participating in social governance and play the “public welfare restoration” function of procuratorial suggestion. The collaborative governance of the case judgment of the judicial organs, the case supervision of the procuratorial organs and the procuratorial suggestions of social governance constitute the panorama of the judicial regulation of the information management act of the administrative organs.