采收成熟度对烤烟翠碧一号中部叶工业可用性的影响

The Effect of Harvest Maturity on the Industrial Availability of the Cutters of Flue-cured Tobacco CB-1

[目的]明确采收成熟度对烤烟翠碧一号中部叶工业可用性的影响。[方法]进行了翠碧一号中部叶不同采收成熟度的对比烘烤试验,检测比较各处理烤后烟叶质量性状。[结果]烟叶外观质量、等级结构、均价均以成熟处理最好、尚熟次之、欠熟较差、过熟最差,成熟处理的上等烟比例(75.63%)高于尚熟(67.69%)11.73%、高于欠熟(63.92%)18.32%、高于过熟(12.38%)510.90%,成熟处理的均价(36.36元/kg)高于尚熟(35.24元/kg)3.18%、高于欠熟(34.08元/kg)6.69%、高于过熟(20.78元/kg)74.96%;随着采收成熟度的提高,烤后烟叶的总糖、还原糖含量和糖碱比均趋于更好、化学成分更协调;香气成分总量随着采收成熟度的提高呈下降趋势,欠熟的香气成分总量(598.75μg/g)比尚熟(593.71μg/g)高0.85%、比成熟(540.53μg/g)高10.77%、比过熟(394.39μg/g)高51.82%;随着采收成熟度的提高,对烟叶清香风格形成贡献最大的大马酮与对烟叶浓香风格形成贡献最大的茄酮的比值呈明显下降趋势,欠熟处理最高(7.83)、尚熟次之(6.18)、成熟第3(4.96)、过熟最低(3.90),意味着清香型风格在明显减弱。[结论]综合而言,以成熟处理的烟叶质量最好、工业可用性和经济收益最高,尚熟稍次之,过熟和欠熟较差;成熟和尚熟应为翠碧一号中部叶田间适宜采收成熟度标准。

[Objective]In order to clarify the influence of harvest maturity on the industrial availability of the cutters of flue-cured tobacco CB-1.[Method]A comparative curing test on different harvest maturity of the cutters of CB-1 was conducted,to test and compare the quality traits of cured tobacco leaves in each treatment.[Result]The results show that,the appearance quality,grade structure and average price of tobacco leaves of ripe treatment was the best,mature treatment was second,unripe treatment was worse,overmature treatment was the worst.The high-class tobacco proportion of ripe treatment(75.63%) was higher than mature treatment(67.69%) 11.73%,higher than unripe treatment(63.92%)18.32%,higher than overmature treatment(12.38%) 510.90%.The average price of ripe treatment(36.36 yuan/kg) was 3.18% higher than mature(35.24 yuan/kg),6.69% higher than unripe(34.08 yuan/kg),74.96% higher than overmature(20.78 yuan/kg).With increasing harvest maturity,the total sugar,reduced sugar content and the ratio of sugar/nicotine of cured tobacco leaves tend to be better,and the chemical composition is more coordinated.The total aroma composition decreased with the increasing harvest maturity,the total aroma composition of unripe(598.75 μg/g) was 0.85% higher than mature(593.71 μg/g),10.77% higher than ripe(540.53 μg/g),and 51.82% higher than overmature(394.39 μg/g).With increasing harvest maturity,the ratio of damascenone which contributes the most to the fresh-aroma type style,and solanone which contributes the most to the full-aroma style,showed a significantly decreased trend,unripe(7.83) was highest,mature was second(6.18),ripe was third(4.96),overripe(3.90) was lowest.It means that the fresh-aroma style was significantly weakened.[Conclusion]In general,the ripe tobacco leaves have the best quality,industrial availability and economic benefits,and mature was second,and unripe and overripe were inferior.The ripe and mature are the appropriate harvest maturity standard in the cutters of CB-1.