新制度主义政治学的发展源流、主要议题与前沿探索

The Development Source,Main Issues and Frontier Exploration of New Institutionalism in Political Science

新制度主义政治学将制度作为政治分析的基本单元,在与旧制度主义、行为主义研究路径对话的基础上拓宽政治科学的研究视野,为理解政治现象提供中观层次的分析工具和研究方法。新制度主义政治学阐明制度在政治生活中的特定作用,探讨制度在多大程度上发挥独立和持续的影响,推进政治制度的概念化与理论化。制度通过认同与适应机制,构造政治行动者的行为选择框架,使行动者在特定制度条件下具有展开适宜行动的动机和能力。新制度主义政治学从主体能动性与制度变迁的关系、断续性变迁与渐进性变迁的界限、历史经验与全新规则的抉择等方面,理解制度的变迁方式,并关注不同制度领域的制度分化及相互竞争的原则规范如何导致制度框架的冲突,揭示制度更替的动力机制。从理论完善和方法更新的角度来看,新制度主义政治学是对政治科学其他研究路径的补充而非完全替代。

New institutionalism in political science posits institutions as the fundamental unit of political analysis.By engaging in dialogue with old institutionalism and behaviorism,it broadens the scope of political science research,offering meso-level analytical tools and methodologies for understanding political phenomena.New institutionalism in political science elucidates the specific roles of institutions in political life,investigates the extent of their independent and sustained influence,and advances the conceptualization and theorization of political institutions.Through mechanisms of identity and adaptation,institutions construct a framework for the behavioral choices of political actors,enabling these actors to have the motivation and ability to act appropriately under specific institutional conditions.New institutionalism explores the dynamics of institutional change by examining the relationship between agency and institutional transformation,the boundaries between discontinuous and incremental change,and the choices between historical experience and new rules.It focuses on how the differentiation among different institutional domains and competing principles and norms lead to conflicts within the institutional framework,thereby revealing the mechanisms driving institutional change.From the perspective of theoretical refinement and methodological innovation,New institutionalism complements rather than entirely replaces other research paths in political science.