高速公路清洁能源自洽充电引导调度策略研究

Study on Guidance Scheduling Strategy for Clean Energy Self-consistent Charging on Expressway

针对高速公路服务区车辆充电缺乏有效引导调度策略和清洁能源自洽率的问题,利用图论理论,建立了包含电动汽车、高速公路及服务区的“车-路-服务区”典型出行场景,构建了最优充电引导调度模型。以用户综合成本和服务区电动汽车清洁能源自洽率为约束,针对电动汽车充电引导中的多峰函数寻优问题,采用免疫优化算法,提出了一种高速公路服务区最优充电引导策略。根据建立的典型出行场景,通过模拟仿真进行电动汽车充电引导调度策略的研究,并验证服务区电动汽车清洁能源自洽率对充电引导策略有效性的影响。结果表明:引导调度策略使高速公路系统总体运行效率提高了32.8%,各服务区的平均充电负荷降低50.3%,对减小各个服务区充电负荷差距具有显著效果;考虑清洁能源自洽率并引入自洽率权重后,高速公路能源系统的清洁能源自洽率与电动汽车行驶总时间呈近似线性关系;当车流量维持在3辆/h时,服务区电动汽车清洁能源自洽率达到初峰77.6%,之后逐渐下滑;当车流量提升至5辆/h时,自洽率攀升至最大值78.3%;随着车辆的增加,总自洽率以指数形式下降;当车流量急剧上升至250辆/h时(相当于日均电动汽车使用量超过6000辆时)所有服务区的清洁能源将被耗尽。

Addressing the lack of effective guidance scheduling strategies for electric vehicle charging in service areas,and the issues about self-consistent rate of clean energy,this study employs graph theory to establish a typical travel scenario including electric vehicles,expressways,and service areas.It constructs an optimal charging guidance scheduling model.The comprehensive cost to users and the clean energy selfsufficiency rate of electric vehicles in service area are as constraints.For the multi-peak function optimization problem in electric vehicle charging guidance,an immune optimization algorithm is utilized,and an optimal charging guidance strategy for expressway service areas is proposed.Based on the established typical travel scenario,the simulation is used to research the effectiveness of electric vehicle charging guidance scheduling strategy,and to verify the influence of electric vehicle clean energy self-sufficiency rate on the effectiveness of charging guidance strategy.The result shows that this guidance scheduling strategy improves the overall operational efficiency of expressway system by 32.8%,and reduces the average charging load in each service area by 50.3%,significantly reducing the disparity in charging loads across different service areas.Considering the clean energy self-consistent rate and introducing a self-consistent rate weight,the clean energy self-consistent rate of expressway energy system and the total driving time of electric vehicles show an approximately linear relationship.When the traffic volume is maintained at 3 vehicles per hour,the selfconsistent rate of service area energy reaches an early peak of 77.6%,and then gradually declines.When the traffic volume increases to 5 vehicles per hour,the self-consistent rate climbs to a maximum value of 78.3%.As the number of vehicles increases,the overall self-consistent rate decreases exponentially.When the traffic volume rises sharply to 250 vehicles per hour,which is equivalent to a daily usage of more than 6000 electric vehicles,the clean energy in all service areas will be exhausted.