5个羊肚菌菌株的栽培与评价研究

Cultivation and evaluation of five Morchella strains in Shangluo

[目的]本研究旨在探究商洛羊肚菌人工栽培常用品种特点,为商洛地区羊肚菌人工栽培菌种选择和新品种选育提供理论参考。[方法]对征集的5个商洛地区羊肚菌常用菌株G8(YD1)、幺妹(YD2)、草莓(YD3)、401(YD4)、191(YD5)进行菌种特性、亲缘关系、栽培比较、子实体形态特征研究,综合评价其在商洛地区的栽培适应性和产量稳定性。[结果]本研究中,YD1菌丝生长速度最快,其次为YD2;YD5菌株与其它4个菌株亲缘关系均较远,YD1与YD2菌株亲缘关系较远,初步判断YD5、YD1、YD2为3个不同菌株;YD1、YD2菌株菌丝活力旺盛,生育期适中(分别为140、145 d),产量适中(分别为3005.10、2888.10 kg·hm^(-2)),且菇型较好;YD3、YD4菌株菌丝活力旺盛,但生育期较长(均为151 d),产量偏低(分别为2194.05、2253.60 kg·hm^(-2)),菇型一般;YD5菌株菌丝活力旺盛,生育期最短(131 d),产量最高(3334.95 kg·hm^(-2)),且与其它4个菌株存在极显著差异,但菇型一般。[结论]因此在5个商洛地区常用羊肚菌菌种中,YD1、YD2菌株具有一定的推广价值,可作为主推品种在生产中应用;同时可有计划的推广应用YD5菌株,而YD3、YD4菌株菌丝产量较低,不易推广,应慎重选择。

[Objective]Morchella is a fungus with both edible and medicinal properties,known for its unique aroma and rich nutri-tion,and containing various essential amino acids and organic germanium for human health.This study aimed to explore the characteristics of commonly used Morchella varieties cultivated in Shangluo and provide theoretical references for strain selection and breeding of new varieties in Shangluo.[Method]The characteristics,genetic relationships,cultivation comparisons,morphological features of fruiting bodies,of five commonly used Morchella strains in Shangluo,namely G8(YD1),Yaomei(YD2),Strawberry(YD3),401(YD4),and 191(YD5),were investigated to comprehensively evaluate their cultivation adaptability and yield stability in the Shangluo.[Result]In this study,YD1 exhibited the fastest mycelial growth rate,followed by YD2;YD5 showed distant genetic relationships with the other four strains,and YD1 had a relatively distant genetic relation-ship with YD2,preliminarily suggesting that YD5,YD1,and YD2 strains were three distinct strains.YD1 and YD2 strains had vigorous mycelial vitality,moderate growth period(140 and 145 days,respectively),moderate yield(3005.10 and 2888.10 kg·hm^(-2),respectively),and good mushroom shapes.YD3 and YD4 strains also had vigorous mycelial vitality but lon-ger growth periods(151 days for both)and lower yields(2194.05 and 2253.60 kg·hm^(-2),respectively),with average mushroom shapes.YD5 strain had vigorous mycelial vitality,the shortest growth period(131 days),the highest yield(3334.95 kg·hm^(-2)),and significant differences from the other four strains,with an average mushroom shape.[Conclusion]Among the five common-ly used Morchella strains in Shangluo,YD1 and YD2 strains have certain promotional value and can be the main recommended varieties for production;At the same time,planned promotion and application of the YD5 strain can be considered,while YD3 and YD4 strains,with lower mycelial yields,are less suitable for promotion and should be carefully selected.