外泌体在肝细胞癌诊疗中的应用

Application of exosomes in diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

外泌体是细胞外囊泡,内含蛋白质、脂类、核酸、microRNA、长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)和环状RNA(circRNA)等多种生物活性物质。外泌体可以通过影响血管内皮细胞功能促进肝癌血管的生成和肿瘤的转移,还可以通过调节各种免疫细胞的数量和功能,影响免疫因子的分泌,致使肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸发生。一些外泌体所包含的物质表达含量的变化与肝癌疾病过程有密切关系。外泌体是与肿瘤进展密切相关的生物标志物,在所有的体液中均可检测到外泌体,在临床有广阔的应用前景。因此,探索外泌体与HCC病情变化的联系,对于HCC患者的早诊、早治有重要意义。

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles,which contain multiple bioactive substances,such as protein,lipid,nucleic acid,microRNA,long-chain noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA),etc.Exosomes can promote the angiogenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by affecting the function of vascular endothelial cells.They can also affect the secretion of immune cytokines by regulating the number and function of multiple immune cells,resulting in immune escape of tumor cells.The changes in the expression levels of substances contained in certain exosomes are closely associated with the process of HCC.Exosomes are biomarkers intimately associated with tumor progression.Exosomes can be detected in all body fluids,which have broad prospects in clinical application.Therefore,understanding the relationship between exosomes and the changes of the course of HCC is of significance for early diagnosis and treatment of HCC.