基于虚拟地理环境的数字孪生流域防洪应用技术探讨

Discussion on flood control application technology of digital twin basin based on virtual geographic environment

防洪是数字孪生流域的重要应用领域,数字孪生流域防洪应用不仅需要对流域中的自然要素进行科学表达,同时也需要对人类的活动特征进行描述。虚拟地理环境将自然要素与人文要素进行耦合研究,侧重于构建沉浸式的实验和认知环境,可以为数字孪生流域防洪中的人地关系建模以及洪水场景表达与风险认知提供新视角和新方法。本文首先介绍数字孪生流域的概念、发展现状以及虚拟地理环境的特征,然后基于虚拟地理环境提出数字孪生流域防洪应用技术框架,阐述了数字化流域场景构建、数字流域状态同步、洪水时空过程建模与实验、人地关系建模、洪水场景表达与风险认知等关键技术,最后对数字孪生流域中的沉浸式VR/AR应用、公众参与防洪等未来的发展进行了展望。

Flood control is the main application field of the digital twin basin.The application of flood control in the digital twin basin not only needs to express the natural elements in the basin scientifically but also must describe the characteristics of human activities.Virtual geographic environment integrates natural elements and human elements,focuses on building an immersive experimental and cognitive environment,and provides a new perspective and method for the modeling of man-land relationship,flood scene expression,and risk cognition in the digital twin basin flood control.This article takes the application of digital twin watershed flood control as research field and proposes a four-layer technical framework for digital twin watershed flood control based on virtual geographic environment.The resource layer covers the hardware resources involved in data acquisition,storage,and calculation in the digital twin watershed flood control application,and realizes unified storage from global watershed feature awareness to data baseboard framework.The data layer provides the relevant data foundation for digital twin flood control applications,including four categories of data:basic data,business data,monitoring data,and geographic data.It also provides the twin layer with the necessary data service support through the steps of data resource extraction,aggregation,cleaning,conversion,and governance.The twin layer is the core of the technical framework,reflecting the interactive mapping between the model watershed and the real watershed.Model watersheds focus on building water models and humanland relationship models.Based on the natural laws of the water cycle,mathematical language and methods are used to describe the changes in the elements of a real watershed,reflecting the laws of human activity and the correlation between human activities and the natural elements of the watershed.Real watersheds lead the construction of digital twin watersheds,upgrade traditional monitoring systems,enhance automatic monitoring and computational feedback control of digital twin watersheds,and support flood control construction and management of watersheds.The application layer is based on the main idea of virtual geographic environment,relying on wearable technology,eye movements,gestures,brain wave,large screens,digital sand tables,and other devices to provide a multiuser,touchable,interactive,and scene-responsive digital twin watershed environment.On this basis,the“four pre”application of digital twin watershed flood control is conducted.Subsequently,the paper elaborates on key technologies such as digital watershed scene construction,digital watershed state synchronization,flood spatiotemporal process modeling and experiment,human-land relationship modeling,and flood scene expression and risk perception,and looks forward to the future development of VR/AR applications in digital twin watersheds and public participation in flood control.The research trend of virtual geographic environment in digital twin river basin flood control can be summarized as follows:further developing relevant disciplines such as geographic human-land relationship,geographic spatial cognition,and behavioral geography;constructing an immersive flood evacuation spatial cognitive environment that allows participants to obtain realtime,authentic,and rich environmental information for interdisciplinary research;and conducting cognitive experiment activities with public participation.