高性能镁合金电弧增材制造技术研究现状与展望

Research Status and Prospects of Wire-arc Additive Manufacturing Technology for High-performance Magnesium Alloys

高性能镁合金已成为运载装备轻量化的重要发展方向之一,而镁合金因其自身活泼的性质和较差的室温加工性,在传统制造技术中受到了很大限制。最近电弧增材制造技术因其沉积速率高、制造空间大、成形稳定、过程安全等特点成为高性能镁合金先进制备的重要手段之一。因此,系统综述了目前电弧增材制造镁合金的研究现状,重点综述了目前电弧增材制造技术以及其沉积态镁合金在成形、组织与性能上的特点。同时针对镁合金在制备过程中的热循环、热累积、性能薄弱等问题,总结了制备过程中的原位加工、镁合金焊丝设计、电弧成形精度控制与热处理优化等研究与现状。并根据已有研究指出了电弧增材制造镁合金存在的瓶颈问题并提出该领域需要发展与改进的方向。

The development of high-performance magnesium alloys is one of the important directions for lightweighting equipment.However,due to sensitive properties and poor room temperature workability,magnesium alloys have been limited in traditional manufacturing techniques.Wire arc additive manufacturing has become an important technology for preparing high-performance magnesium alloys due to its high deposition rate,large manufacturing space,stable forming characteristics,and process safety.Therefore,the current research of wire arc additive manufacturing of magnesium alloys,focusing on the characteristics of wire arc additive manufacturing technology and the forming,structure,and properties,are reviewed comprehensively.Meanwhile,in response to the characteristics of the magnesium alloy during the preparation process,such as thermal cycling,thermal accumulation,and weak performance,the current research status on in-situ processing,magnesium alloy wire design,forming precision control of arc and heat treatment optimization are summarized.The bottleneck problems in wire arc additive manufacturing of magnesium alloys are pointed out,and directions for development and improvement in this field are proposed.