实践主义人权观:中国人权实践的一种理论解释

Pragmatist View of Human Rights:Theoretical Explanations of China's Human Rights Practice

实践主义人权观是对中国式人权发展实践的一种理论凝练。针对传统人权观存在的重主张而轻实现所导致的权利与主张之间循环式空转问题、忽视社会发展面向空谈利益主张而导致社会撕裂的矛盾以及人权彻底沦为空洞无用的政治修辞术现象,实践主义人权观基于人权主张和人权实现之间存在间隙这一事实,强调与其盲目扩大文本上权利的种类,不如立足于实践,经由发展以促进现有权利最大化实现。实践主义人权观重视权利实现的经济社会文化基础以促进人权实现,而非仅仅关注权利主张本身;更加重视权利实现程度的提高,而非总量限定下权利的分配;更加崇尚权利实现中的合作主义,而非对抗特性。实践主义人权观以马克思主义为理论立场,以实践的基因和发展的维度作为理论特征,以权利实现促进人权发展。

The pragmatist view of human rights represents a theoretical condensation of the Chinese practice in human rights development.In view of the problem of circular idling between rights and claims caused by the traditional view of human rights of focusing on contents and not valuing implementation,social segmentation caused by empty talks on interests and claims while ignoring social development,and the phenomenon of the issue of human rights complete-ly becoming empty and useless political rhetoric,the pragmatic view of human rights,based on the fact that there is a gap between the claims and realization of human rights,emphasizes that instead of blindly expanding the types of rights in term of text,it is better to base on prac-tice and promote the maximum realization of existing rights through development.The pragma-tist view of human rights attaches importance to relevant economic,social and cultural basis to promote the realization of human rights,rather than only focusing on the claims themselves;it pays greater attention to enhancing the realization of rights,rather than the distribution of rights under the total limit;it advocates more for cooperativism in the realization of rights,rather than confrontation.The pragmatic concept of human rights takes Marxism as its theoretical basis and the gene of practice and the dimension of development as its theoretical characteristics,and promotes the development of human rights through the realization of rights.