去甲基化药物在急性髓细胞白血病中的应用

The application of demethylating drugs in acute myeloid leukemia

急性髓细胞白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)是一类起源于造血干细胞的恶性克隆性血液系统疾病,以造血干细胞的分化受阻和异常增殖为主要特征,是成人白血病中最常见的类型。2020年一项关于全球负担的研究进一步阐述了AML在全球范围内的疾病负担,揭示了其对人口健康的广泛影响。AML的治疗历经多年发展,不断涌现出新的治疗策略和药物。AML包括异常DNA甲基化模式,进而导致整体低甲基化和局部高甲基化,这两者均促进了AML的发病。因此在其治疗策略不断演进中引入了去甲基化药物,去甲基化药物通过改变肿瘤细胞的基因表达模式,促进肿瘤细胞的分化凋亡,已成为AML治疗的重要组成部分,标志着治疗方法向着更为精准的方向发展。

Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is a kind of malignant clonal hematological disease originated from hematopoietic stem cells.It is characterized by impaired differentiation and abnormal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells.It is the most common type of adult leukemia.A study on the global burden in 2020 further elaborated the disease burden of AML worldwide and revealed its extensive impact on population health.A large number of new treatment strategies and drugs have constantly emerged after years of development.AML includes abnormal DNA methylation pattern,which leads to global hypomethylation and local hypermethylation,both of which promote the pathogenesis of AML.Therefore,demethylated drugs have been introduced into the treatment strategy.Demethylated drugs have become an important part of AML treatment by changing the gene expression mode of tumor cells and promoting the differentiation and death of tumor cells,marking the development of treatment methods towards a more accurate direction.