马克思资本逻辑批判视域下人的技术化生存——基于《资本论》及其手稿的分析

The Technological Existence of Human in the Perspective of Marx’s Critique of Capital Logic:An Analysis Based on Das Kapital and Its Manuscript

“人的技术化生存”是指人通过并依赖“现代技术”来实现包括物质、精神生产生活在内的全部现实活动,现代技术因而成为人生存的条件、人需要的前提乃至人发展的界限。马克思《资本论》在对资本逻辑的批判中,揭示了人的技术化生存的两个关键问题,即机器体系的资本主义应用塑造了人的技术化身体,建构了技术化生存的具身前提;工厂制度进一步使人成为技术化的主体——一种体现资本主体性的无主体性的主体。和既有技术批判的传统研究进路相比,《资本论》在技术化生存问题的阐述上具有范式地位。人的技术化生存是《资本论》中历史唯物主义现实内涵的一个不可缺少的维度。

“The technological existence of human”means that people realize all practical activities including material and spiritual production of life relying on“modern technology”.Therefore,modern technology has become the condition of human existence,the premise of human needs and even the boundary of human development.Marx’s critique of capital logic reveals two key problems of the technological existence of human,that is,the capitalist application of machine system shapes technological body of human and constructs the specific premise of technological existence.The factory system furtherly turns human into the technological subject,namely a subject with non-subjectivity that embodies the subjectivity of capital.Compared with the traditional research approach of technology criticism,Das Kapital has a paradigm position in the interpretation of technological existence.The technological existence of human is an indispensable dimension of the realistic connotation of historical materialism in Das Kapital.