句法规则通行构词与造句吗?——对生成性词库存在必要性的思考

Is Syntax All the Way Down?——Reflections on the Necessity of Generative Lexicon

自Chomsky(1970)提出"词库(lexicon)和句法(syntax)两个地方构词"以来,形态研究主要遵循词汇主义的观点。20世纪80、90年代开始,"非词库论"逐渐出现。尤其是Halle&Marantz(1993)提出"句法规则通行构词与造句"(Syntax all the way down)的分布式形态学理论(Distributed Morphology,DM),在国内外颇具影响。本文指出,"非词库论"理论框架及使用该框架分析汉语构词存在诸多问题。本文主张词法(形态)是一个独立的系统,生成性词库(generative lexicon)是必要的,该词库含有构词的形态规则、生成音义结合的词项。词法和句法之间既有平行(相似)性,也呈现系统性差异。

Since Chomsky(1970)proposed that words are generated in two sections,Lexicon and Syntax,morphological studies have mainly followed the lexicalist view.From the 1980s and 1990s,realizational morphology gradually emerged and became influential,especially the Distributed Morphology(DM),upholds the view of"Syntax all the way down"(Halle&Marantz 1993).This paper argues that there are many problems about the theoretical framework of realizational morphology and the use of this framework to analyze Chinese word formation.We argue that morphology is an independent system.A generative lexicon containing word-formation rules and generating lexical items with sounds and meanings is necessary.It is important to see both parallelism and systematic differences between morphology and syntax.