生命、价值与自我——儒家亲子伦理的价值基础及其现代境遇

Life,Value,and Self:The Value Foundation of Confucian Parent-Child Ethics and Its Modern Situation

本着一种祛魅而不解构的理论自觉,在现代性视角之下审视并重理儒家亲子伦理的价值基础。传统儒家孝道以亲生子这一自然事实作为存在论基础,如此,亲子一体不仅在发生学上解释了一个人之所由来,更在价值上规定了一个人之所应是。这也意味着人子的道德自我是先天受限的、残缺的,从而在实践层面可能造成“从父”与“从义”之间的紧张。在现代性视角之下,仅仅基于亲生子这一生理事件的孝道只是干瘪的生殖崇拜,并不足以从自然推出价值。较之传统孝道强调亲生子这一自然事实的本体论意义,更应看重亲子伦理的生成性(“父父,子子”),如此方可在自我与“一体”之间寻找一种恰当的平衡。

Based on a theoretical consciousness of dispelling charm without deconstruction,this article attempts to re-examine the value foundation of Confucian parent-child ethics from a modern perspective.The traditional Confucian filial piety is based on the biological fact of parent s having children as its ontological basis.Therefore,the one-body of parents and children not only explains the origin of a person in terms of genetics,but also determines what a person ought to be in terms of value.This also means that the moral self of the Son of Man is inherently limited and incomplete,which may cause tension between“following the father”and“following righteousness”in practice.From a modern perspective,filial piety based solely on the biological event of the biologically having child is merely a worship of reproduction,and is not enough to derive value from nature.Compared to the ontological significance of traditional filial piety,which emphasizes the natural fact of parent having child,this article places more emphasis on the generative feather of parent-child ethics(“father do what father ought to do,son do what son ought to do”),and attempts to find an appropriate balance betw een self and“One-body”一體.