孔子治道中的道家因素

The Taoist Factor in Confucius'Right Principles of Government

道儒两家初创时期已有互动,这既体现于《孔子家语》《庄子》《礼记》《史记》《韩诗外传》等文献中关于孔子问礼于老子的记载,也体现于《论语》中隐士与孔子及其弟子之间的相互批评。这种互动使孔子的人生态度有了道家意味,并进而使其治道中产生道家因素,主要表现于其“无为而治”的治道理想与“有道则见,无道则隐”的出处选择。

The interaction between Taoism and Confucianism started from the very establishing stage of the two schools,which could be seen in the fact that Confucius asked about rituals from Laozi recorded in literature such as Kongzi Jiayu(Family Sayings of Confucius),Zhuangzi,Liji(The Book of Rites),Shiji(Records of the Grand Historian)and Hanshi Waizhuan,as well as in the mutual criticisms between hermits and Confu cius and his disciples recorded in The Analects.The exchanges of ideas led to a subtle impact on Confucious’attitudes toward life,in turn,he had incorporated Taoist elements into his political philosophy,reflected in his ideal of“govern efficiently without exertion”and the choice mechanism expressed as“when right principles of government prevail in the kingdom,he will show himself;when they are prostrated,he will keep conce aled.”