“致知”与“无知”的和鸣:儒道知识论的实践智慧之维

Sound in Harmony of“Zhi Zhi”and“Wu Zhi”:The Dimension of Practical Wisdom of Confucian and Taoist Epistemology

实践智慧作为实践的理智德性,代表的是一种拥有实践知识的实践推理能力,其目的是引导行动主体选择一种值得过的美好生活。儒家“致知”论和道家“无知”论所关涉的知识形态是实践知识,其知识论中的实践智慧之维内在地含蕴了对人类生活实践的整体认知。儒家“致知”论所关注的是如何在变动不居的现实情境中增进主体的实践智慧,以便更好地处理伦理—政治方面的实践事务。道家“无知”论所关注的是如何消解知识理性对人的本真生活的消极影响,以达致“体道”的“真知”为境界指向。儒道两家在知识论上的实践智慧维度,彰显了中国哲学的一个根本特质,即它是一种作为生活方式的实践哲学。

Practical wisdom as the rational virtue of practice,represents a practical reasoning ability with practical knowledge,and its purpose is to guide the action subject to choose a good life worth living.The knowledge form involved in the Confucian“Zhi Zhi”theory and the Taoist“Wu Zhi”theory is practical knowledge,and the practical wisdom in its epistemology inherently implies the overall cognition of human life practice.The Confucian theory of“Zhi Zhi”focuses on enhance the practical wisdom of the subject,and how to better handle ethical and political practical affairs in the ever-changing reality.The Taoist theory of“Wu Zhi”focuses on how to dispel the negative impact of intellectual rationality on people’s true life,with the goal of achieving the“Zhen Zhi”of“experiencing the Tao”as the spiritual realm direction.The dimension of practical wisdom of Confucianism and Taoism on epistemology highlights a fundamental characteristic of Chinese philosophy,that is,it is a practical philosophy as a way of life.