“心性论”视域下梁漱溟伦理思想论析

An Analysis of Liang Shuming’s Ethical Thoughts in the Perspective of Mind-Nature Theory

梁漱溟指出“中国是伦理本位的社会”,主要内涵包括家族生活是伦理社会的基础,人与人之间的关系是伦理社会的核心,“情谊”是伦理社会的主基调,伦理融入组织管理并主导经济、政治、宗教等社会领域。梁漱溟伦理思想之哲学立场依然是心性哲学。无论是“关系”根植于“生活相续”的本体论、“情谊”根植于“三量说”的认识论,还是伦理组织功能根植于“直觉”的价值论,其理论根基则是以性善论为核心、以“尚情”“无我”为特征的心性论。在当时“全盘西化”,反传统的时代背景下,梁漱溟把柏格森的生命哲学与传统儒家哲学特别是宋明理学有机融合,目的是为中国传统文化的合理性作学理上的辩护,其伦理思想正是他的问题意识和现实关怀的集中体现。

Liang Shuming pointed out that“China is a society of ethical standard”,the main connotations of which include that family life is the foundation of an ethical society,that human relations are the core of an ethical society,that“the sentiment and righteousness”is the keynote of an ethical society,and that ethics are integrated into the management of organizations and dominate the economy,politics,religion and other social fields.The philosophical stance of its ethical thought is still the philosophy of mind-nature.Whether“relationship”is rooted in the ontology of“continuity of life”,“the sentiment and righteousness”in the epistemology of“three measures”,or the function of ethical organization in the value theory of“intuition”,the theoretical foundation is centered on the theory of inherent goodness of nature and the theory of“revere emotion”and“not self-centered”.In the context of“total westernization”and anti-traditionalism at that time,Liang Shuming organically integrated Bergson’s philosophy of life with traditional Confucian philosophy,especially Song-Ming Neo-confucianism,in order to defend the rationality of traditional Chinese culture,and his ethical thinking was the concentrated manifestation of his sense of problem and practical concern.