一种新型转接半密闭式吸痰装置的设计与应用

Design and application of a new type of switchable semi-closed sputum suction device for transfer

吸痰是清除呼吸道分泌物和留取痰液标本的必要措施。传统吸痰装置包括开放式和密闭式两种。然而,开放式吸痰装置在操作过程中容易导致痰液喷溅,污染操作者及周围环境;密闭式吸痰装置的价格较开放式吸痰装置更高,虽可重复使用,但多次使用后其保护套与吸痰管壁之间的摩擦力增加,进而影响操作。上述两种吸痰方式在进行痰液标本留取时均需额外连接痰液收集器,这一过程容易造成标本泄露污染,同时增加患者感染风险。为了克服上述问题,大连医科大学附属第一医院重症医学科的医护人员设计了一种新型转接半密闭式吸痰装置,并获得了国家实用新型专利(专利号:ZL 202021564712.3)。该装置由吸引器连接口、滑动式负压开关、转接口、管身、透明薄膜保护套、夹片式连接头和痰液收集器组成。吸引器连接口处滑动式负压开关可实现单人单手操作;痰液收集器与吸痰装置转接口对接,做到标本留取无暴露;透明薄膜保护套覆盖吸痰管的管身,以确保吸痰操作全程无污染;夹片式连接头可与人工气道接口连接,避免吸痰过程中痰液喷溅,操作后即刻夹闭,减少环境污染。与现有吸痰装置相比,新型转接半密闭式吸痰装置设计更合理、成本更低廉,值得临床推广。

Sputum suction is a necessary measure to remove respiratory secretions and collect sputum specimens,and the traditional sputum suction device includes open and closed methods.However,the open sputum suction device can easily cause sputum splashing during operation,polluting the operator and the surrounding environment.The closed sputum suction device is more expensive than the open sputum suction device.Although it can be used repeatedly,the friction between the protective sleeve and the wall of the suction tube increases after repeated uses,which in turn affects the operation.In addition,the two sputum suction methods need to be connected to a sputum collector when the sputum specimen is collected.This process can easily lead to leakage and contamination of specimens,and at the same time increase the infection risk for patients.In order to overcome the above problems,the medical staff from the department of critical care medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University invented a new type of switchable semi-closed sputum suction device,and obtained the National Utility Model Patent of China(ZL 202021564712.3).The device is composed of a suction device connection port,a sliding negative pressure switch,an adapter interface,a pipe body,a transparent film protective sleeve,a clip-on connection joint,and a sputum collector.The sliding negative pressure switch at the connection port of the suction device can realize one-person one-handed operation.The sputum collector is connected with the sputum suction device to ensure that the specimen is not exposed.The transparent film protective sleeve covers the sputum suction tube body to ensure that the whole process of sputum suction operation is pollution-free.The clip-on connection joint is connected with the artificial airway interface to avoid sputum splashing during sputum suction,and it is clamped immediately after operation to reduce environmental pollution.Compared with the existing sputum suction device,the new switchable semi-closed sputum suction device has a more reasonable design and lower cost,which is worthy of clinical promotion.