宋代民间信仰探微——以岁时节令习俗为中心

On the Worship Culture of Traditional Festivals in the Song Dynasty

节日民俗作为一种综合性的文化现象,为节日增添娱乐色彩,丰富人们精神生活的同时,将民间信仰注入其中,并通过一定的仪式呈现和反映。传统节日延续至宋趋于定型。重阳、端午和元旦,避灾驱邪和避瘟除病是其重要主题;元日、立春和晦日的祈富和送穷活动,充满对美好生活的向往;七夕、社日乞巧乞聪明则传达了男女对自身角色的认同和对未来生活的祈盼。

The traditional festivals of the Song Dynasty preserve a large number of worship activities.On festivals like Chongyang Festival,Dragon Boat Festival and New Year’s Day,avoiding disasters and warding off evil spirits,and eliminating plague and diseases are the main themes of worship activities.People maintain their health through avoidance and precaution.The activities of blessing and sending away poverty on New Year’s Day,Beginning of Spring,and Huiri(the last day of a lunar month)not only express people’s longing for a better future life,but also reflect a tolerant and calm mentality.Worshiping the moon and praying for blessings on the Double Seventh Festival,Sheri(the day of sacrifice to the God of the land),and the Mid-Autumn Festival convey people’s belief in their own value and unremitting pursuit of a happy life.