广州市越秀区青少年近视特点和危险因素分析

Analysis on the characteristics and risk factors of myopia among adolescents in Yuexiu District,Guangzhou

目的探讨广州市越秀区青少年近视特点和危险因素,为降低青少年近视发病率提供参考依据。方法本项目采用分层随机整群抽样的研究方法,抽取分布于广州市越秀区2774名青少年作为研究对象,根据近视检查情况将其分为近视组(n=1657)与非近视组(n=1117),通过问卷调查的方式,分析青少年近视整体现况、流行病学特征以及影响青少年近视发生、发展的相关行为和因素。结果2774名青少年中,1657名近视,检出率为59.73%;其中女生为872名,多于男生的785名;幼儿园、小学生、初中生、高中生近视人数分别为20名、446名、484名、707名,呈升高趋势。学段、校内用眼环境、校外用眼环境、读写姿势、电子屏幕使用情况、近距离用眼情况、户外活动及睡眠情况、近视检查及矫治情况是广州市越秀区青少年近视的影响因素(P<0.05)。广州市越秀区青少年近视程度均与学段、校外用眼环境、电子屏幕使用情况、户外活动及睡眠情况、近距离用眼情况呈正相关(P<0.05),与校内用眼环境、读写姿势、近视检查及矫治情况呈负相关(P<0.05)。对不同预后组间存在统计学差异的因素进行Logistic多因素分析后得到,学段、校内用眼环境、校外用眼环境、读写姿势、电子屏幕使用情况、近距离用眼情况、户外活动及睡眠情况、近视检查及矫治情况是广州市越秀区青少年近视的相关影响因素(P<0.05)。结论广州市越秀区青少年近视发生人群呈现高龄化,学段、校内用眼环境、校外用眼环境、读写姿势、电子屏幕使用情况、近距离用眼情况、户外活动及睡眠情况、近视检查及矫治情况是青少年近视的相关影响因素,建议加强组织学生到户外进行多种课间户外体育活动,同时鼓励家长在校外从自身做起,树立爱眼护眼好榜样,与学校共同保护孩子的视力。

Objective To explore the characteristics and risk factors of myopia among adolescents in Yuexiu District,Guangzhou,and to provide reference for reducing the incidence of myopia among adolescents.Methods This project adopted stratified random cluster sampling to select 2774 adolescents distributed in Yuexu District,Guangzhou as the research objects,which were divided into myopia group(n=1657)and non-myopia group(n=1117)according to the myopic examination.Through questionnaire survey,the overall situation and epidemiological characteristics of myopia among adolescents in our district were comprehensively known,in order to explore the related behaviors and factors affecting the occurrence and development of myopia among adolescents in our district,explore reasonable intervention measures,and put forward scientific and effective myopia prevention and control technical means and strategies.Results Among 2774 adolescents,1657 were nearsighted(59.73%).Among them,872 were female and 785 were male.The number of myopia in kindergarten,primary school,middle school and high school students were 20,446,484 and 707 respectively,showing an increasing trend.School period,eyes use environment in school and outside school,reading and writing posture,situations of electronic screen use,close distance eye use,outdoor activities and sleep,myopia examination and correction were the relevant influencing factors on myopia of adolescents in Yuexui District of Guangzhou(P<0.05).The myopia degree of adolescents in Yuexiu District of Guangzhou was positively correlated with school period,out-of-school eyes use environment,electronic screen use,outdoor activities and sleep conditions,and close distance eyes use(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with in-school eyes use environment,reading and writing posture,myopia examination and correction conditions(P<0.05).After Logistic multivariate analysis of the factors with statistical difference between different prognostic groups,school period,eyes use environment in school and outside school,reading and writing posture,electronic screen use,close distance eyes use,outdoor activities and sleep conditions,myopia examination and correction were the relevant influencing factors on myopia of adolescents in Yuexui District of Guangzhou(P<0.05).Conclusions In Yuexiu District,Guangzhou,the population with myopia is gradually moving to a younger age.School period,eyes use environment in school and outside school,reading and writing posture,electronic screen use,close distance eyes use,outdoor activities and sleep condition,myopia examination and correction are the relevant influencing factors.It is recommended to strengthen the organization of students to go outdoors for a variety of outdoor sports activities between classes,while encouraging parents to set a good example of eye care outside the school and work with the school to protect their children’s eyesight.