从国家身份维度透视伊朗妇女政策

Iranian Women Policy from the Perspective of State Identity

伊朗伊斯兰共和国建国后,在霍梅尼什叶派现代伊斯兰主义的指导下,伊朗的国家身份被赋予了“宗教与世俗”的二元属性,伊朗政府的妇女政策随之发生了转向。霍梅尼时期,在“全盘伊斯兰化”的意识形态下,妇女政策被确定了以宗教思想为统领的基调。后霍梅尼时期,伊朗政坛单极格局消失,伊朗各方政治力量都尝试重塑宗教与世俗的关系来调整国家身份,妇女政策也随之发生了明显的阶段性变化。基于此,从伊朗国家身份维度解读妇女政策,可为理解伊朗妇女问题提供参考。首先,伊朗国家身份的宗教内核确定了妇女政策的起点,也框定了妇女政策改革的空间。其次,伊朗国家身份调整引发的政治斗争打断了妇女政策的连贯改革,使妇女政策缺乏长效性。最后,伊朗国家身份的二元格局,凸显了妇女发展世俗导向与妇女政策宗教底色间的张力,导致伊朗妇女问题频发。

After the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran,under the guidance of Khomeini's Shia modern Islamism,Iran's national identity was endowed with dual attributes of “religious and secular.” As a result,Iranian women's policy has been subsequently transformed.During the Khomeini era,under the ideology of “comprehensive Islamization,” women's policy underwent a reform of “overall conservatism.” In the post-Khomeini era,the unipolar structure of Iranian politics dissipated.Based on different political blueprints,all political forces sought to modify the national identity of Iran by altering the relationship between religious and secular elements.Analyzing Iranian women's policy from the dimension of national identity is an important clue for understanding women's issues.Firstly,the religious core of national identity defines the origins of Iran's women's policy and its range of reform.Secondly,the political struggles caused by shifts in national identity disrupt the coherent reform of women's policy,leading to a lack of sustainability in the policy.Finally,due to the binary structure of Iran's national identity,there is a conflict between the secular aspects of women's development and the religious characteristics of Iran's women's policy,which frequently results in women's issues.