东北地区要素市场扭曲的时空跃迁及其影响因素分析

Spatio-temporal Transition of Factor Market Distortion in Northeast China and Its Influencing Factors

构建全国统一大市场,深化要素市场化改革是新时代我国实现高质量发展的重要着力点。东北地区受历史因素的影响,生产要素市场改革明显落后于产品市场,为东北地区深度融入全国统一大市场带来严峻挑战。本文基于2002~2021年地级市层面数据,对东北地区生产要素价格扭曲程度、扭曲协调度和偏离度进行多维测度,并利用PVAR模型探究造成要素市场扭曲的障碍性因素,以畅通东北地区要素资源流动。研究表明:(1)资本和劳动力的价格均被低估。在时间序列上,资本价格扭曲随时间呈波动上升趋势,劳动力价格扭曲则随时间呈波动下降趋势;在空间层面上,要素价格扭曲存在地区差异性,高要素价格扭曲主要集中在黑龙江省两翼和辽宁省、吉林省的中部;(2)在协调度方面,相邻地级市在要素价格扭曲变动上具有较高同步性;(3)在偏离度方面,辽宁省和吉林省中总产出占比越大的地级市,要素价格扭曲越大,黑龙江省中总产出占比越大的地级市,资本价格扭曲越小、劳动力价格扭曲越大;(4)在影响因素方面,对外开放在短期内可以缓解要素市场扭曲,过度的政府干预强化要素市场扭曲,城镇化可改善资本扭曲,但对劳动力扭曲的影响则由正转负。

Building a unified national market and deepening the reform of factor market is are important focus points for Chi⁃na to achieve high-quality development in the new era.Influenced by historical factors,the reform of the production factor market in the Northeast has obviously lagged behind the product market,which brings serious challenges to the deep integration of the Northeast region into the national unified big market.Based on prefecture-level data from 2002-2010 in the Northeast China,this paper conducts a multidimensional measurement of the degree of distortion,coordination of distortion and deviation of production factor prices in the Northeast region,and uses the PVAR model to explore the obstructive factors that cause distortion in the factor market,in order to smooth the flow of factor resources in the Northeast region.The results show that the prices of both capital and labor are underestimated.In the time series,the capital price distortion shows a fluctuating upward trend over time,while the labor price distortion shows a fluctuating downward trend over time;at the spatial level,there is regional variability in factor price distor⁃tions,the high factor price distortion is mainly concentrated in the two wings of Heilongjiang Province and the central part of Liao⁃ning and Jilin Provinces.In terms of the coordination,there is consistency in the changes of factor prices distortion between adjacent regions.In terms of deviation degree,the larger the share of total output of prefecture-level cities in Liaoning and Jilin provinces,the larger the factor price distortion,and the larger the share of total output of prefecture-level cities in Heilongjiang province,the smaller the capital price distortion and the larger the labor price distortion.In terms of influencing factors,opening up to the outside world can moderate factor market distortions in the short run,unreasonable government intervention strongly optimizes factor market distortions,urbanization can improve capital distortions,opening up can alleviate the factor market distortion,unreasonable go⁃vernment intervention can strongly optimize the factor market distortion,urbanization can improve the distortion of capital,but the impact on labor distortions turns from positive to negative.