多民族传统村落空间分布特征与影响因素——以甘南州临潭县为例

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Multi-ethnic Traditional Villagess——Taking Lintan County in Gannan Prefecture as an Example

为探究多民族传统村落的空间分布特点,以甘南州临潭县141个多民族传统村落为研究对象。以ArcGIS 10.5为技术平台,借助最邻近指数、核密度测算、地理空间数据叠合统计等方法,从地形地貌、坡度、高程海拔、河川水系等自然环境要素,族群结构、历史移民、道路交通等人文条件探索多民族传统村落空间分布的影响因素。研究发现:临潭县多民族传统村落的空间分布整体呈现凝聚分布的类型,传统村落的空间分布表现为“整体集聚,显著性较强”的特征;自然环境和人文环境是影响临潭县多民族传统村落空间分布的内在动力;影响多民族村落分布格局的突变动力是民族的演变迁徙、军事战争以及民族之间的分化与融合。在此基础上,提出促进多民族地区传统村落的整体性、系统性保护规划和发展建议。

In order to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of multi-ethnic traditional villages,l4l multi-eth-nic traditional villages in Lintan County,Gannan Prefecture were taken as the research object,and the ArcGIS1o.5 was taken as the technology platform.Using ArcGIS 10.5 as the technical platform,employing methods such as nea-rest neighbor index,nuclear density estimation,and spatial overlay analysis,this study explores the influencing fac-tors of the spatial distribution of multi-ethnic traditional villages,including natural environmental elements such as terrain,slope,elevation,and river systems,as well as human conditions such as population structure,historical migra-tion patterns,and road transportation.The research findings are as follows:The spatial distribution of multi-ethnic traditional villages in Lintan County as a whole presents a cohesive distribution type,and the spatial distribution of traditional villages is characterized by overall agglomeration with strong significance;The natural environment and human environment are the internal driving forces that affect the spatial distribution of multi-ethnic traditional villa-ges in Lintan County;The abrupt driving forces that affect the distribution pattern of multi-ethnic villages are the e-volution and migration of ethnic groups,military wars,and the differentiation and integration among ethnic groups.On this basis,this paper puts forward suggestions for promoting comprehensive and systematic protection planning and development of traditional villages in multi-ethnic regions.