桑叶的营养价值及其在畜牧生产中的应用

Nutritional Value and Application of Mulberry Leaves in Livestock Production

桑树属于桑科桑属多年生木本植物,其抗逆性强、分布范围广、生物量高。桑叶不仅富含蛋白质、膳食纤维、粗脂肪、维生素、矿物质元素等营养成分,还含有多种生物活性成分,如多糖、多酚、黄酮和生物碱等。桑叶的营养组成丰富而均衡,并有良好的适口性,可作为畜禽蛋白质饲料原料;桑叶中的生物活性物质具有调节机体营养代谢、氧化还原稳态和免疫应答的重要作用。桑叶在畜牧生产中具有巨大应用潜力,不仅能够提高畜禽生产性能,改善产品品质,调高饲料利用效率,而且可以改善动物健康,提高免疫力,维持机体稳态,从而提高畜牧生产效益。本文总结了桑叶的化学组成、营养价值、生物学功能及其在畜牧生产中的应用效果与可能机制等方面的研究进展,旨在为拓展桑叶用途,充分挖掘桑叶在畜牧生产中的应用价值提供参考。

Mulberry,belonging to the Moraceae family and the Morus genus,are perennial woody plants.Mulberry leaves contain a plenty of nutrients,including proteins,dietary fiber,fats,vitamins,and minerals,as well as a variety of bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides,polyphenols,flavonoids,and alkaloids.Mulberry trees grow wild and under cultivation in many regions of China with high yield of mulberry leave.Mulberry leaves have well-balanced nutritional composition and good palatability,making them suitable as a feed source for livestock and poultry.The bioactive compounds in mulberry leaves involve in regulating nutrient metabolism,maintaining redox homeostasis,and enhancing immune responses in the body.Mulberry leaves exhibit enormous benefits in livestock production to improve growth performance,enhance product quality,increase feed utilization efficiency,promote animal health,boost immunity,and maintain homeostasis.This review summarizes the chemical composition,nutritional value,biological functions,and applications of mulberry leaves in livestock animals,aiming to provide a reference for expanding the use of mulberry leaves and fully exploring their application value in livestock and poultry production.