俯卧位在新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征有创呼吸支持中的临床研究

Clinical study of prone positioning in invasive respiratory support for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

目的 了解俯卧位在新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,NRDS)有创呼吸支持治疗中的有效性及安全性。方法 前瞻性选择2020年6月—2023年9月睢宁县人民医院收治的77例胎龄<35周、需有创呼吸支持治疗的NRDS早产儿为研究对象,随机分为仰卧位组(37例)和俯卧位组(40例)。俯卧位组患儿每俯卧位通气6 h行仰卧位通气2 h,循环交替直至撤机。比较两组的有效性及安全性。结果 入组6 h,俯卧位组动脉血二氧化碳分压、吸入气氧浓度、氧合指数、气管插管细菌定植率,以及新生儿疼痛、躁动及镇静评估量表评分均低于仰卧位组(P<0.05);两组pH值、动脉血氧分压、呼气末正压、机械通气时间、气管插管意外脱管、呼吸机相关性肺炎、气漏综合征、皮肤压疮、喂养不耐受和Ⅱ~Ⅳ度脑室内出血等比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 与仰卧位相比,俯卧位通气能有效改善需要机械通气NRDS患儿的氧合功能,增加舒适度,减少气管插管细菌定植,且未明显增加不良反应。

Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of prone positioning in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS)using invasive respiratory support.Methods A prospective study was conducted from June 2020 to September 2023 at Suining County People's Hospital,involving 77 preterm infants with gestational ages less than 35 weeks requiring invasive respiratory support for NRDS.The infants were randomly divided into a supine group(37 infants)and a prone group(40 infants).Infants in the prone group were ventilated in the prone position for 6 hours followed by 2 hours in the supine position,continuing in this cycle until weaning from the ventilator.The effectiveness and safety of the two approaches were compared.Results At 6 hours after enrollment,the prone group showed lower arterial blood carbon dioxide levels,inspired oxygen concentration,oxygenation index,rates of tracheal intubation bacterial colonization,and Neonatal Pain,Agitation and Sedation Scale scores compared to the supine group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of pH,arterial oxygen pressure,positive endexpiratory pressure,duration of mechanical ventilation,accidental extubation,ventilator-associated pneumonia,air leak syndrome,skin pressure sores,feeding intolerance,and grades II-IV intraventricular hemorrhage(P>0.05).Conclusions Compared to supine positioning,prone ventilation effectively improves oxygenation,increases comfort,and reduces tracheal intubation bacterial colonization in neonates requiring mechanical ventilation for NRDS,without significantly increasing adverse reactions.