增强优势地区高质量发展土地保障能力的制度保障

Institutional Choices to Enhance the Land Support Capability of High-quality Development in Advantageous Regions

如何通过深化土地管理制度改革增强土地要素在优势地区高质量发展中的保障能力,是关系到中国式现代化能否顺利实现的重大现实命题。现行土地管理制度对优势地区高质量发展存在着“计划性”土地供给约束,一方面不利于城市化优势地区有效发挥集聚效应,另一方面抑制了农业转移人口市民化进程和农村户均土地经营规模的扩大,限制了农业劳动生产率的提高和农业现代化进程的发展。因此,本文提出以下建议:第一,在取消对特大超大城市人口总量限制的同时,增加城市化优势地区“计划性”土地供给;第二,扩大宅基地流转和城乡建设用地增减挂钩范围,增加城市化优势地区“市场化”土地供给。通过以上土地管理制度的改革,一方面可以为提高城市化优势地区高质量发展和城市化水平提供土地保障能力;另一方面可以加快农业转移人口市民化进程,扩大农村户均土地经营规模,增强农业优势地区的土地保障能力。

How to enhance the land support capability of high-quality development in advantageous regions by deepening the reform of land management system is a major practical proposition related to the smooth realization of Chinese modernization.The current land management system has a“planned”land supply constraints on the high-quality development of advantageous areas.On the one hand,it is not conducive to the effective agglomeration effect of urbanization advantageous areas.On the other hand,it inhibits the urbanization process of agricultural transfer population and the expansion of rural land management scale per household,limiting the improvement of agricultural labor productivity and the development of agricultural modernization process.Therefore,this paper proposes the following suggestions:firstly,while lifting the restrictions on the total population of mega cities,we should increase the“planned”land supply in areas with urbanization advantages;secondly,we should expand the scope of the transfer of homesteads and the increase or decrease linking of urban and rural construction land,and increase the supply of market-oriented land in areas with urbanization advantages.Through the reform of the land management system mentioned above,on the one hand,it can provide land support capabilities for improving the high-quality development and urbanization level of urbanization advantageous areas.On the other hand,it can accelerate the urbanization process of agricultural transfer population,expand the scale of rural household land management,and enhance the land support capabilities provided by agricultural advantageous areas.