高中生饮食行为与抑郁的相关性研究

A study on the correlation between eating behavior and depression in high school students

目的 了解高中生抑郁现状,从不同饮食行为角度分析影响抑郁症状的因素,为抑郁的风险识别和实施营养健康教育提供依据。方法 基于国家人口健康科学数据中心“青少年心理健康主题数据库”2020年抽样调查数据,分析影响高中生抑郁的饮食行为因素。结果 山东省高中生抑郁症状检出率为18.6%(1 750/9 399),“≥7次/周”食用绿色蔬菜(OR=0.559,P<0.01)、“≥7次/周”和“1~3次/周”消费红橙色蔬菜(OR=0.437,P<0.001;OR=0.523,P<0.001)、水果(OR=0.523,P<0.001;OR=0.682,P<0.01)与高中生抑郁症状发生呈负相关;“≥7次/周”消费方便面(OR=1.412,P=0.001)、加盐糖零食(OR=1.524,P=0.001)、油炸食品(OR=1.643,P<0.001)与高中生抑郁症状发生呈正相关。结论 饮食行为与高中生抑郁症状发生存在关联,应加强健康教育,倡导每天食用蔬菜水果,减少不健康食物的食用频次。

Objective To explore the current status of depression among high school students and to analyze the factors affecting depressive symptoms from different dietary behavioral perspectives,in order to provide a basis for risk identification of depression and implementation of nutritional health education.Methods An analysis of dietary behavioral factors affecting depression in high school students based on data from the National Center for Population Health Science Data 'Adolescent Mental Health Thematic Database' 2020 Sample Survey.Results The detection rate of depressive symptoms among high school students was 18.6%(1 750/9 399).Consumption of green vegetables "once a day or more"(OR=0.559,P<0.01),"once a day or more" and "1~3 times a week" consumption of red-orange color vegetables(OR=0.437,P<0.001;OR=0.523,P<0.001),and fruits(OR=0.523,P<0.001;OR=0.682,P<0.01) were negatively correlated with the occurrence of depressive symptoms among high school students;Consumption of instant noodles "once a day or more"(OR=1.412,P=0.001),salted and sugared snacks(OR=1.524,P=0.001),and fried foods(OR=1.643,P<0.001) were positively associated with the occurrence of depressive symptoms in high school students.Conclusion There is an association between dietary behaviors and the occurrence of depressive symptoms in high school students,and health education should be strengthened to promote the consumption of vegetables and fruits every day and to reduce the frequency of unhealthy food consumption.