汉唐文脉下的“古代和田艺术模式”考析

An Analysis of the Ancient Hotan Art Model in the Cultural Context of the Han and Tang Dynasties

大夏美术造型样式沿丝绸之路进入塔里木盆地后形成古代和田派艺术模式,这种艺术样式在尼雅、达玛沟、约特干等遗址中都有着生动的体现。丝绸之路使得汉唐文脉下的造型艺术体系得以确立,中原文化对西域的影响从视觉图式扩展至风俗礼仪的各个环节之中。20世纪80年代出土于和田的布扎克彩棺,棺上面绘制的青龙、白虎、朱雀、玄武反映出西域与中原地区密切的文化交流。和田木雕在装饰范围、表现形式及雕刻技艺等方面都有了很大发展,镂雕、平雕等技法被广泛应用,作品中渗透了现实气息,造型上趋向真实,并在二维平面的基础上强化装饰风格,体现出鲜明的汉风风格。

After the Xia art modeling style entered the Tarim Basin along the Silk Road,the style of"ancient Hotan art"came into being,which is vividly reflected in the ruins of Niya,Damagou,Yuetegan,etc.The Silk Road helped establish the modeling art system in the cultural context of the Han and Tang Dynasties,and the influence of the culture of Central Plains on the Western Regions expanded from visual patterns to various aspects of customs and etiquette.The blue dragon,white tiger,vermilion sparrow,and Xuanwu painted on the Buzak colored coffin unearthed in Hotan in the 1980s reflects the close cultural exchanges between the Western Regions and the Central Plains.Great progress has been made in the area of Hotan woodcarving in terms of decorative scope,expression,and carving techniques.Techniques such as hollow carving and flat carving have been widely applied in artistic works which are infused with a realistic atmosphere.The modeling style tends to be realistic,and the decorative style is strengthened on the basis of two-dimensional planes,apparently reflecting Han style.