国家中药复方专利治疗肾结石的用药规律分析

Medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine compounds with national patents for kidney stones

目的 通过对治疗肾结石中药复方专利的挖掘,研究其配伍用药规律,为临床治疗肾结石的遣方用药及新药开发提供参考。方法 检索2013年至2023年国家专利数据库治疗肾结石的中药复方专利,运用中医传承计算平台(V3.0),对复方中药物的药性、药味、功效及中药频次进行统计,通过关联规则和聚类分析等方法分析中药复方的配伍规律。结果 共纳入治疗肾结石中药复方153首,涉及中药554味,使用频次前6位分别为金钱草、车前子、海金沙、鸡内金、滑石、牛膝。涉及药物药性以寒为主,其次为平、温;药味以甘居多,其次为苦、辛;功效以利尿渗湿类为主,其次为补虚类、清热类;金钱草-鸡内金药对组合出现频次最高,关联组合“鸡内金,滑石→金钱草”的置信度最高;聚类分析得到治疗肾结石的4组核心类方。结论 现代医家治疗肾结石用药灵活,以利尿通淋为核心,辅以补肾益气、活血化瘀,常用三金排石汤、八正散等经典名方为基础方加减治疗。

Objective To determine the traditional Chinese medicine patent compounds for kidney stones,and the rules of medication compatibility,to provide a reference for the new drug development and clinical treatment of kidney stones.Methods The patents of traditional Chinese medicine compounds for kidney stones from 2013 to 2023 were retrieved from the national patent database.The Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Calculation Platform(V3.0)was used to analyze the pharmacological properties,flavor,efficacy and frequency of traditional Chinese medicine compounds,and the compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine compounds was analyzed by association rules and cluster analysis.Results Totally 153 patented traditional Chinese medicine formulas for kidney stones were included,involving 554 herbs.The top 6 herbs in terms of frequency of use were Desmodium,Plantago asiatica,Lygodium japonicum,Chicken’s Gizzard-membrane,Talc,and Achyranthes bidentata.The properties of the herbs were mainly coldness,followed by neutralness and warmness in nature.The flavors included predominantly sweet,followed by bitter and spicy.The main effects covered diuresis and dampness dispelling,followed by tonifying deficiency and heat clearing.The combination of“Desmodium-Chicken’s Gizzard-membrane”appeared most frequently,and the combination with best effect was“Chicken’s Gizzard-membrane,Talc→Desmodium”.Cluster analysis identified 4 core formula groups for kidney stones.Conclusion Contemporary medical practitioners adopt flexible medication combinations for kidney stones,with promoting diuresis as the core.Supplementary measures include tonifying the kidneys,invigorating qi,activating blood circulation,and resolving stasis.Commonly used classic formulas include Sanjin Paishi decotion,Bazheng powder,and other modified formulations.