不同地力水平下花生适宜种植模式和种植密度研究

Planting patterns and density of peanuts under different soil fertility levels

为因地制宜提高花生单产,筛选不同地力水平下花生适宜的种植模式和种植密度,在高产和中低产地力水平下,以花育60(HY60)为材料,设置单粒精播(SS)和双粒穴播(DS)两种种植模式12个种植密度,采用随机区组设计,调查花生农艺性状和产量。结果表明:在高地力水平的板泉,适当降低密度有利于获得高产,种植模式为SS12且密度为20.0万~22.0万穴/hm^(2)(包括SS2-75和SS12-80,即单粒精播、穴距12 cm、垄宽75或80 cm)时,植株生长健壮,干物质积累量高且向荚果的分配率较高,分配率为58.67%~59.07%;表明结果数多、饱果率高、较高的生物积累量和较高的经济系数,最终使产量显著高于其它处理,其中处理SS12-75和SS12-80的荚果产量较产量最低处理DS16-75(双粒穴播、穴距16 cm、垄宽75)分别高17.36%和18.98%,较各处理平均产量分别高5.49%和6.94%。在低地力水平的涝坡,土壤养分不足,植株发育不良,结果数少,饱果率低,单株生产潜力低。该条件下产量最高的种植模式为DS18-70(双粒穴播、穴距18 cm、垄宽70 cm),但密度较低的SS10-70(单粒精播,穴距10cm,垄宽70cm)在用种量减少11.1%的情况下,产量仅比DS18-70低2.48%,净荚果产量低1.99%;表明生产上可选择DS18-70和SS10-70这两种模式。综上,为充分利用自然资源、缓解株间竞争,建议通过缩垄距扩株距的方式进行种植。

To make full use of natural resources,suitable planting patterns and densities for peanut under different soil fertility levels were investigated,using HY60 as material.Total of 12 planting densities were set under 2 planting patterns of single-seed sowing(SS)and double-seed sowing(DS).Their effects on agronomic traits and yield of peanut were studied by random block design.Results indicated that under high soil fertility level at Banquan site,appropriately reducing density was beneficial for achieving high yield.When planting pattern was SS12 at the density between 200000 to 220000 holes/hm^(2)(the pattern includes SS12-75 and SS12-80,e.g.single-seed sowing,hole distance 12 cm,ridge width 75 and 80 cm),the plants grew vigorously with high dry matter accumulation and high allocation and transfer rate to pods,with the distribution rate ranged from 58.67%to 59.07%.Therefore,ultimately higher yield could be obtained from higher pods number,higher saturation rate,higher biomass accumulation,and higher economic coefficient.The pod yields of SS12-75 and SS12-80 were 17.36%and 18.98%,both higher than the lowest yield treatment DS16-75(e.g.double-seed sowing,hole distance 16 cm,ridge width 75 cm),and 5.49%and 6.94%higher than the average yield of all treatments,respectively.At low soil fertility level on Laopo site,due to insufficient soil nutrients,plants were stunted,with fewer fruits,lower full pod rate,and lower production potential per plant.The highest yield was obtained by DS18-70.Patter SS10-70 which using 11.1%less sowing seeds,had a 2.48%lower yield than DS18-70,with only 1.99%less net pod yield.It indicated that both DS18-70 and S10-70 patterns could be selected for production.In order to make full use of natural resources and alleviate inter plant competition,it was suggested to plant by reducing ridge spacing and expanding hole distance.