辽代"南北面官制"再认识

Re-understanding of the Liao Dynasty's"Northern and Southern Bureaucracies"

"南北面官制"概念源自《辽史·百官志》对辽代"北面"和"南面"两大官僚体系的论述。通过解开《辽史·百官志》"契丹南枢密院"与"汉人枢密院"重复出现的谜团,可以发现《辽史·百官志》主体骨架和核心条目源自辽末史愿所撰《亡辽录》。这一发现不仅厘清了元末《辽史·百官志》编纂者对于辽制的理解及其编纂思路,而且揭示了"南北面官制"概念的基础并不牢固。辽代官制蕃汉杂用,部族、州县各有归属,全国统设财赋路和军事路,从中央到地方的行政系统及官僚架构并非南北二元模式。

The concept of"Northern and Southern Bureaucracies"'originates from the discussion of the Liao Dynasty's two major bureaucratic systems in the Records of Oficial Ranks,contained in History of the Liao Dynasty(Liaoshi《辽史》).By unraveling the mystery of the repeated appearances of the"Khitan Southern Bureau of Military Affairs"and"Han Southern Bureau of Military Affairs"in those records,it can be determined that their main framework and core entries originated from the Wangliaolu,compiled by Shi Yuan,a historian at the end of the Liao Dynasty.This discovery not only clarifies the compiler's understanding of the Liao bureaucracy,but also reveals that the concept of Northern and Southern Bureaucracies"lacks a solid foundation.The Liao Dynasty's bureaucracy employed various ethnic groups together with Han people,with each tribe and prefecture having its own jurisdiction.Routes for fiscal and military traffic were established across the nation,but the administrative and bureaucratic system at all levels,from central to local government,was not based on a simple North-South binary model.