19世纪中国外销油画的白色颜料研究——以《上海外滩》油画为例

A study of white pigments of 19th-century export oil paintings from China:taking the oil painting of Shanghai Bund as an example

外销油画(export oil painting)作为中国早期油画遗存,不仅呈现了中国南方沿岸城市的地理风貌和风土民俗,而且蕴藏着中国早期本土油画的制作技艺。本研究采用X射线荧光光谱、扫描电子显微镜-能谱,并结合傅里叶变换显微红外光谱和拉曼光谱调查了一幅19世纪中国外销油画《上海外滩》中所用白色颜料的种类及其使用方法。研究结果表明:该幅清代油画画作底子所使用的白色颜料主要为白垩(CaCO_(3))和石英(SiO_(2));在颜料层中发现含锌颜料与油性媒介发生化学反应的产物羧酸锌(金属皂)。本研究为中国早期外销油画的材料与技法研究及修复保护提供了参考依据。

Export oil paintings,as a kind of early oil painting relics of China,not only depict the geographical landscapes and local customs of coastal cities in southern China,but also embody the techniques for making early local oil paintings in China.In this study,we used X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy-energy spectrometry,in combination with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and Raman spectrometry,to investigate the types and usages of white pigments used in Shanghai Bund,a 19th-century export oil painting from China.The results show that the white pigments used in the ground of this Qing Dynasty oil painting were mainly chalk(CaCO_(3))and quartz(SiO_(2)),and that zinc carboxylate(metallic soap)—a reaction product of zinc-based pigments and oil media—was found in the paint layer.This study provides a reference basis for the research on materials and techniques and restoration and conservation of early export oil paintings from China.