生物炭与有机无机肥配施对土壤质量的影响

The Effect of Biochar Combined with Organic and InorganicFertilizers on Soil Biological Characteristics and Quality

为探究生物炭与有机无机肥配施对土壤以及作物产量的影响,在温室中以小麦为栽培对象,以化肥与有机肥、生物炭配施的不同比例安排7个处理:CK1(不施肥)、 CK2(化肥)、 T1(100%化肥+生物炭)、 T2(80%化肥+有机肥)、 T3(80%化肥+有机肥+生物炭)、 T4(60%化肥+有机肥)和T5(60%化肥+有机肥+生物炭),探究土壤基本理化性质、酶活性以及微生物代谢功能对不同施肥方式的响应.结果表明,不同施肥方式对土壤养分影响显著.添加了有机肥、生物炭可显著提高养分含量,且T3养分含量几乎均为最高.添加了有机肥与生物炭的处理,土壤蛋白酶与蔗糖酶的活性得到显著提升,而对于过氧化氢酶的活性提升效果不明显.随着施加有机物料比例提升,土壤微生物的群落多样性及其对碳源代谢能力也有显著升高.根据土壤质量指数(Soil Quality Index, SQI)的排序:T3>T4=T5>T1>CK2=T2>CK1,施加有机物料能够提升土壤质量和作物产量,提升强度随着比例升高呈先增加后降低的趋势.综上,施加有机物料能提升土壤养分含量、酶活性及土壤微生物碳源代谢能力,且影响强度均与施加比例相关.在N,P2O5,K2O施用量分别为225, 90, 90 kg/hm2条件下,20%减量化肥与有机肥(3 000 kg/hm2)和生物炭(10 000 kg/hm2)配施能够有效改良土壤并增产.

In order to explore the effects of biochar combined with organic and inorganic fertiliers and ratio on soil and crop yield,this study used wheat as the cultivation object in the greenhouse,and arranged seven treatments with different proportions of chemical fertilizer,organic fertilizer and biochar:CK1(no fertilization),CK2(chemical fertilizer),T1(100%chemical fertilizer+biochar),T2(80%chemical fertilizer+organic fertilizer),T3(80%chemical fertilizer+organic fertilizer+biochar),T4(60%chemical fertilizer+organic fertilizer)and T5(60%chemical fertilizer+organic fertilizer+biochar).The response of soil basic physical and chemical properties,enzyme activity and microbial metabolic function to different fertilization methods was explored.The results showed that different fertilization methods had significant effects on soil nutrients.The treatment with organic fertilizer and biochar can significantly promote the nutrient content and the nutrients contents of T3 were almost at the highest.The activities of soil protease and sucrase were significantly enhanced by adding organic fertilizer and biochar,while the activity of catalase was not significantly enhanced.With the increase of the proportion of organic materials,the diversity of soil microbial community and its ability to metabolize carbon sources also increased significantly.The application of organic materials can improve soil quality(according to the soil quality index(SQI),the order is:T3>T4=T5>T1>CK2=T2>CK1)and crop yield.The intensity increased first and then decreased with the increase of the proportion.In summary,the application of organic materials can improve soil nutrient content,enzyme activity and soil microbial carbon source metabolism ability,and the influence intensity is related to the proportion of application.Under the conditions of N,P 2O 5 and K 2O application rates of 225 kg/hm 2,90 kg/hm 2 and 90 kg/hm 2,respectively,20%reduced chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer(3000 kg/hm 2)and biochar(10000 kg/hm 2)can effectively improve soil and increase yield.This study provides a reference for the combined use of organic fertilizer,biochar and chemical fertilizer.