数据竞争行为违法性认定的困境与进路——基于86份裁判文书的实证分析

The Dilemma and Approach of Determining the Illegality of Data Competition Behaviors——Empirical analysis based on 86 Judgment Documents

实证考察2012-2023年数据竞争案件裁判文书发现,数据竞争行为的违法性认定存在如下困境:一是侧重商业道德标准、忽视经济分析标准,二是片面关注经营者利益损害、忽视多元利益平衡,三是主观状态认定的合理性未澄清且认定路径不规范,四是一般条款适用逻辑不清晰导致其扩张适用。为破解数据竞争行为的违法性认定难题,应重视经济分析标准在该类行为违法性认定中的作用,回归反不正当竞争法的竞争法属性并建立多元利益权衡分析框架,明确主观状态在行为定性中的体系地位并探索其规范认定路径,基于谦抑审慎理念适用一般条款并厘清其适用逻辑,以期健全数据竞争行为规制体系、完善竞争法实施机制。

An empirical examination of the adjudication documents of data unfair competition cases from 2012-2023 found that the following dilemmas still exist in the determination of the illegality of data competition behaviors:firstly,focusing on the standard of business ethics while neglecting the standard of economic analysis;secondly,one-sidedly focusing on the damage to the interests of operators while neglecting the balance of multiple interests;thirdly,the reasonableness of the determination of the subjective state has not been clarified and the path of the determination is not standardized;fourthly,the logic of applying the general provision is not clear leading to its expansive application.In order to solve the problem of determining the illegality of data competition behaviors,it is important to pay attention to the role of economic analysis standards in determining the illegality of such behaviors;establish ananalytical framework of balancing multiple interests based on the attributes of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law;make it clear that the subjective state has a systematic status in the determination of behaviors,and explore the path of the its reasonable determination;apply the general provisionunder the concept of humility and prudence and clarify the logic of their application,so as to improve the regulatory system of data competitionbehaviors and the implementation mechanism of competition law.