沉浸式虚拟现实促进学习迁移的设计研究

Design-based Research on the Immersive Virtual Reality to Promote Learning Transfer

促进迁移的场景设计是沉浸式虚拟现实研究的关键。在对沉浸式虚拟现实的迁移类型、沉浸式场景保真度以及迁移能力的影响因素等梳理的基础上,研究借鉴“沉浸式学习环境模型”和“沉浸式学习场景要素”,构建促进学习迁移的沉浸式场景设计框架。设计框架包括多层级互动、沉浸式体验、生成性策略、建构性活动和反思性引导等五个核心特征,基于此开发沉浸式探究场景,采用基于设计的研究方法进行迭代设计,利用重复测量方差分析验证迭代设计的有效性,设计沉浸式学习流程并开展实验研究。研究结果表明,虚拟实验组提升了学生程序性知识习得水平迁移效率和自我效能感,通过沉浸式学习和基于模拟的体验能够提升学生在真实环境中有效应用教学法的能力。

The scene design to promote transfer is the key to the research of immersive virtual reality.Based on the review of the research on the types of transfer with regards of the immersive virtual reality technology,fidelity of immersive scenes,and the influencing factors of transfer capability,this paper constructs an immersive scene design framework for promoting learning transfer,drawing upon the immersive learning environment model and features of immersive learning scenes.The design framework includes five core features,which are multi-level interaction,immersive experience,generative strategy,constructive activity,and reflective guidance.An immersive inquiry scenario has been developed based on this design framework.A design-based study has been conducted for iterative design of which the validity was verified by repeated measurement ANOVA.Then,an immersive learning procedure had been designed and a quasi-experimental study had been conducted on its effectiveness.Data analysis results showed that the experimental group,had procedural knowledge acquisition level,transfer efficiency and self-efficacy significantly improved.The results also showed that through immersive learning and simulation-based experience,students’ability to effectively apply teaching methods in the authentic environment could be improved.