新兴技术协作治理:运作过程和机制研究——基于美国自动驾驶汽车管理实践的分析

Collaborative governance of emerging technologies:Operational process and mechanism research——Analysis of autonomous vehicle management practice based on America

资源与信息碎片化、技术不确定性,以及多元价值和利益冲突使得新兴技术治理面临的问题愈加复杂,亟需利益相关主体间的协同合作。在此背景下,探索新兴技术协作治理运行机制具有重要的现实意义。论文在考察新兴技术协作治理内涵的基础上,结合协作治理理解模型,构建了新兴技术协作治理的运作过程分析框架。同时,通过对美国自动驾驶汽车管理实践的长时段分析,探究各方如何达成协作并实现治理目标的过程与机制。研究发现,新兴技术协作治理达成的关键在于各方就共同的治理目标展开协调有序的协作行动,而该过程的实现有赖于政府部门主导的协调机制、多渠道和制度化的协商机制,以及面向技术创新的激励机制,它们在实践中起到协调协作方向和具体行动、支撑协作有效运转以及提升协作主体治理能力的作用。本研究有助于打开新兴技术协作治理实现过程中的“黑箱”,识别其内在运行机制,对新兴技术协作治理理论的丰富和实践有所裨益。

The fragmentation of resources and information,technological uncertainty,as well as multiple values and conflicts of interest make the issues facing the governance of emerging technologies more complex,and it is in urgent need of cooperation among relevant bodies.In this context,it is of great practical significance to explore the operation mechanism of collaborative governance of emerging technologies.Based on investigating the connotation of collaborative governance of emerging technologies and combining the understand-ing model of collaborative governance,the paper constructs an analytical framework of the operational process of collaborative govern-ance of emerging technologies.At the same time,through a long-term analysis of the management practices of autonomous vehicles in the United States,the process and mechanism of how all parties collaborate and achieve governance goals is explored.It is found that the key to achieving collaborative governance of emerging technologies lies in the coordinated and orderly cooperative actions of all par-ties to the common governance goal,and the realization of this process depends on the interaction of three mechanisms.Specifically,it includes the coordination mechanism led by government departments,the incentive mechanism oriented to technology innovation,and the multi-channel and institutionalized consultation mechanism.In practice,they play a role in coordinating the direction of coopera-tion and specific actions,supporting the effective operation of cooperation,and improving the governance ability of the collaborative subjects.This paper is helpful to open the"black box"in the implementation process of collaborative governance of emerging technolo-gies and identify its internal operating mechanism,which is beneficial to the enrichment and practice of collaborative governance theory of emergingtechnologies.