美国页岩气产业发展的创新驱动机制及启示

The innovation-driven mechanism of the U.S.shale gas industry development and its empirical insights

美国页岩气革命既是一部科技创新史,也是近代人类能源产业发展的里程碑事件。在应对全球气候变化的背景下,全球能源系统将发生深刻变革,诸多新兴清洁能源产业将成为未来能源系统的主力军,并迎来“页岩气革命式”的跨越发展。本文聚焦美国页岩气革命成功案例,以科技创新驱动机制为研究主线,从战略意义、发展历程、创新模式和经验启示四方面开展研究分析,以探究美国页岩气革命成功背后的创新驱动机制。研究发现:(1)页岩气革命提升了美国油气生产率、降低了能源消费成本、实现了能源独立目标、推动了电力系统低碳转型。(2)美国页岩气革命历经早期发现、科学探索、技术突破和成熟发展四个阶段。(3)美国构建了以政府为主导,中小型油气公司为主力军,行业协会和技术服务公司联合参与的页岩气科技创新模式。(4)科技创新使地质型资源对资源禀赋的依赖度逐步降低,成为应对全球气候变化的最优动力源。结合“双碳”背景下我国能源系统发展现状,从政府投入、企业研发和创新氛围等角度提出政策建议。研究成果以期为“双碳”背景下我国清洁能源产业高质量发展提供参考和启示。

The U.S.shale gas revolution has not only made history in science and technology innovation,but also represents a mile-stone in the development of modern energy industry.In the context of addressing global climate change,the global energy system will be profoundly transformed,with many new clean energy industries emerging as the mainstay of the future energy system and the shale gas taking a revolutionary leap forward.With a focus on the case of the U.S.shale gas revolution,this paper investigates the innova-tion-driven mechanism behind its success from its strategic significance,development path,innovation pattern and empirical insights,with a view to drawing on the shale gas innovation model to promote the development of China's clean energy industry.This paper finds that:(1)The shale gas revolution has improved the U.S.oil and gas productivity,reduced energy consumption costs,helped achieve energy independence,and promoted a low-carbon transformation of the power system.(2)The U.S.shale gas revolution has gone through four stages including initial discovery,scientific exploration,technology breakthrough,and full-fledged development.(3)The U.S.has built a shale gas innovation pattern with government as the leader,small and medium-sized oil and gas companies as the main force,and industry associations and technology service providers as joint participants.The United States federal government has vigorously promoted the development of the shale gas industry by reorganizing regulatory agencies,launching basic research and de-velopment programs,furthering engineering demonstrations,and formulating preferential tax policies.Small and medium-sized oil and gas companies,represented by Mitchell Energy,have rapidly increased shale gas production in the U.S.by innovating their operation models,independently researching and developing key and core technologies,and continuously conducting engineering experiments.Industry associations,represented by Gas Research Institute,have focused on the research and development of generic technologies in the industry and promoted the cross-industry and cross-business flow of advanced technologies,creating a favorable innovation at-mosphere for win-win cooperation.In order to steadily push forward China's"dual-carbon"initiative and the development of new energy system,We should learn from the successful experience of the shale gas revolution in the United States,and give full play to the innovation efficacy of government,enterprises,and industry associations in the innovation ecosystem.The research findings in this pa-per are intended to offer references and insights for the high-quality development of China's clean energy industry in the context of"dual carbon".