变迁时代的生命历程、人生转折与心理嬗变——“知青”一代社会学家的口述史与集体叙事

Life course,life transition and psychological transmutation in changing times:Oral history and collective memory of the sociologists of the“Educated Youth”generation

改革开放40年来,中国社会发生了朝向现代化的迅猛变迁。在经济与社会结构急剧变化并取得有目共睹的成就的同时,中国人的价值观和社会行为模式也发生了明显的嬗变。1979年中国社会学重建后,作为对社会变迁及其影响最为敏感的群体,知青一代社会学人,因其个体生命史与改革开放同构及与社会学重建同步,成为表征转型时代心理蜕变的合适案例。就个体心理蜕变的向度说,转型或变迁影响到他们的认知方式、情感世界和个体行为的现代性;而就集体心态建构的向度说,他们在40年的职业生涯中,围绕中国式现代化与富民实践、遂生乐业的心态秩序、社会学本土化或中国化等议题所形成的话语叙事,都充分体现了这个独特群体在大变革时代的集体心态。进一步,在个体心理蜕变和集体心态建构之间,存在着多种重叠与共通的部分,它使得知青社会学人在变革时代的心理嬗变就是一部个体心理与集体心态互为镶嵌的精神蜕变史。

In the past 40 years of Reform and Opening Up,Chinese society has undergone rapid changes towards modernization.While the changes in economic and social structures have brought about remarkable economic achievements,Chinese values and social patterns have also undergone significant changes.After the reconstruction of Chinese sociology in 1979,as perhaps the most sensitive group to social change and its impact,the educated youth generation of sociologists has become the ideal case to represent the psychological transformation in the transitional era.This is because their personal life history was synchronized with the Reform and Opening Up as well as the reconstruction of sociology.As 2019 marks the 40th anniversary of the reconstruction of Chinese sociology,we have conducted our oral history interviews with 40 sociologists.Through oral histories of these 40 sociologists,especially the 30 or so“Educated Youth Sociologists”,we analyzed the collective memory of the first generation of scholars after the reconstruction of Chinese sociology,and traced the dual process of transmutation in which their individual psychology and collective psychology intertwine.In the dimension of individual psychological,transformation affected their cognitive style,emotional world and modernity in personal behavior.In terms of the construction of collective mentality,the discourse narratives formed during their 40-year career on Chinese modernization and the practice of enriching the people,the psychological order of happy life and work,and the localization or sinicization of sociology fully reflect the collective mentality of this unique group in the era of great change.Further,there were many overlapping and common features between their individual psychological transformation and collective psychological construction.These made the psychological evolution of these sociologists a spiritual transformation in individual psychology and collective mentality.Qualitative research methods have become widely accepted in psychology in recent years.Among these,psychobiography is considered an important qualitative method.So far,however,the application of psychobiography in psychology has only been conducted in relation to individuals.Based on oral histories of 40 sociologists,this study examines the social psychology or collective mentality of people in the 40 years after China’s Reform and Opening Up,taking the psychobiography method a step further,with important psychological,sociological and historical ramifications.