宜昌市颗粒物污染浓度特征及气象条件影响分析

Characteristics of Particulate Pollution Concentration and the Impact of Meteorological Conditions in Yichang

通过气象观测手段,监测分析宜昌市颗粒物污染浓度特征及气象影响因素,为研究三峡水利枢纽对局地气候的影响以及水库气候效应分析提供数据支撑和资料基础,具有重要意义。目前针对宜昌市的颗粒物尤其是黑碳(black carbon,BC)气溶胶颗粒物的相关研究很少。本文利用宜昌国家基本气象站2014年4月—2022年12月的大气颗粒物PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和黑碳气溶胶连续观测资料,结合同期气象要素资料进行数理分析,研究PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和黑碳质量浓度的变化特征及其气象影响条件。结果显示:(1)宜昌市PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)质量浓度总体呈逐年下降趋势,黑碳气溶胶质量浓度在2018年前总体下降,后呈较缓波动趋势,春季和冬季浓度较高,夏季、秋季较低,日变化呈双峰态势;(2)颗粒物质量浓度高低值分布与主导风向高度吻合,与风速、降水量呈显著负相关;(3)黑碳气溶胶质量浓度与PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)颗粒物质量浓度变化趋势高度相似,呈显著性正相关,相关系数分别为0.845和0.747,表明宜昌城市大气中颗粒物具有很强的同源性。总体来看,经济社会发展对生态环境变化产生一定的主导作用,新型有效的经济环保政策实施对于长江经济带的生态环境建设意义重大。

It is of great significance to monitor and analyze the characteristics of particulate pollution concentration and meteorological factors in Yichang by using meteorological observation means,so as to provide data support and data basis for the study of the impact of the Three Gorges Project on local climate and the analysis of the climate effect of the reservoir.At present,there are few relevant studies on particles in Yichang,especially black carbon(BC)aerosol particles.Based on the continuous observation data of atmospheric particulate matter PM_(2.5),PM_(10) and black carbon aerosol at Yichang National Basic Meteorological Station from April 2014 to December 2022,combined with the data of meteorological elements in the same period,the variation characteristics and meteorological influence conditions of PM_(2.5),PM_(10) and black carbon mass concentrations were studied.The results showed that:(1)The mass concentrations of PM_(2.5),PM_(10) in Yichang City showed a downward trend year by year,BC generally decreased before 2018,and then showed a slow fluctuation trend,the concentrations were higher in spring and winter,lower in summer and autumn,and the daily variation showed a bimodal trend;(2)The distribution of particle mass concentration is highly consistent with the dominant wind direction,and has a significant negative correlation with wind speed and precipitation;(3)The variation trend of black carbon aerosol is highly similar to that of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) particles,showing a significant positive correlation,and the correlation coefficients are 0.845 and 0.747,respectively,indicating that the particulate matter in Yichang urban atmosphere has a strong homology.On the whole,economic and social development plays a leading role in the change of ecological environment.The implementation of new and effective economic and environmental protection policies is of great significance to the environmental and ecological construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.