2型糖尿病患者夜间无症状性低血糖时心电图变化特点及对心脏自主神经病变早期诊断的研究

Electrocardiogram changes and early diagnosis of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with nocturnal asymptomatic hypoglycemia

目的 探讨T2DM患者夜间无症状性低血糖时心电图变化特点及对心脏自主神经病变(CAN)的早期诊断。方法 选取2015年6月至2022年6月于我院内分泌科治疗的T2DM患者150例,给予72h动态血糖和动态心电图监测,根据是否发生夜间无症状低血糖分为低血糖组(n=62)及无低血糖组(n=88)。另根据Ewing实验将150例T2DM患者分为单纯T2DM组(n=90)及T2DM合并CAN组(CAN,n=60)。比较各组一般资料、生化及心电图指标。结果 与无低血糖组比较,低血糖组DM病程、低频(LF)/高频(HF)升高(P<0.05),HbA_(1)c、平均血糖、收集心率减速力(DC)、QT离散度(QTD)、T波峰末期值(Tp-e)、Tp-e/QT、相邻正常RR间期相差超过50ms的心搏数占总窦性心搏数的百分比(pNN50)、相邻正常RR间期差值均方根(rMSSD)、24h正常窦性心搏RR间期标准差(SDNN)、每5min正常RR间期均值的标准差(SDANN)及24h平均心率降低(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,DM病程是T2DM患者CAN的危险因素,DC、QTD、pNN50是T2DM患者CAN的保护因素。受试工作者特征曲线分析显示,DM病程、DC、QTD、pNN50预测CAN的曲线下面积为0.811、0.842、0.786、0.801、0.886,4项联合诊断效能最佳。内部验证后显示模型区分度和准确度良好。结论 T2DM患者出现夜间无症状低血糖时,心电图LF/HF升高,DC、QTD、Tp-e、Tp-e/QT、pNN50、rMSSD、SDNN、SDANN及24h平均心率降低,DM病程、DC、QTD、pNN50可作为早期诊断T2DM患者CAN的有效指标。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of electrocardiogram changes during nocturnal asymptomatic hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients and early diagnosis of cardiac autonomic neuropathy(CAN).Methods A total of 150 patients with T2DM who were admitted to our hospital from June 2015 to June 2022 were retrospectively selected and given 72 h dynamic blood glucose and dynamic electrocardiogram monitoring.According to whether asymptomatic hypoglycemia occurred at night,they were divided into hypoglycemia group(n=62) and non-hypoglycemia group(n=88).According to the Ewing experiment,150 T2DM patients with T2DM were divided into T2DM group(n=90)and CAN group(n=60).Results Compared with the non hypoglycemic group,the hypoglycemic group had an increase in DM duration,LF/HF(P<0.05),Hb A1c,average blood glucose,collected heart rate deceleration force(DC),QT dispersion(QTD),end of peak T value(Tp-e),Tp-e/QT,percentage of beats with a difference of more than 50 ms between adjacent normal RR intervals(pNN50),root mean square difference between adjacent normal RR intervals(rMSSD),standard deviation of 24-hour normal sinus RR interval(SDNN),and standard deviation of mean normal RR interval every 5 minutes(SDANN) and the average heart rate decreased within 24 hours decreased(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of DM was a risk factor for CAN in T2DM patients,and DC,QTD,and pNN50were protective factors for CAN in T2DM patients.The characteristic curve analysis of the participants showed that the area under the curve for predicting CAN was 0.811,0.842,0.786,0.801,and 0.886 for the DM duration,DC,QTD and pNN50 respectively.The combined diagnostic performance of these four items was the best.After internal verification,it was found that the model has good discrimination and accuracy.Conclusion T2DM patients with nocturnal asymptomatic hypoglycemia may exhibit elevated,ECG LF/HF and decreased DC,QTD,Tp-e,Tp-e/QT,pNN50,rMSSD,SDNN,SDANN,and 24-hour average heart rate decrease;DM duration,DC,QTD and pNN50 can serve as effective indicators for early diagnosis of CAN in T2DM patients.