民营企业产权的刑法平等保护——以《刑法修正案(十二)》为分析重点

Equal Protection of Criminal Law Upon Property Rights of Private Enterprises:A Study of the Amendment 12^(th) of the Criminal Law

《刑法修正案(十二)》在立法伦理方面集中体现为对民营企业产权的刑法平等保护。我国涉企业产权刑事立法呈现出“公职犯罪先行,显现治理成效后再立私营犯罪”且两者趋于平等化的立法规律。无论是从常识、常理、常情方面,或是从立法意志与使命方面,还是从立法原理与技术方面来看,都需要确定刑法的平等保护原则。鉴于刑法审慎介入市场经济的立场,应基于“差异化平等”的思路,合理认定非法经营同类营业、为亲友非法牟利以及徇私舞弊低价折股、出售公司、企业资产三项舞弊犯罪。在司法上,需要进一步通过司法解释构建公私有别的差序平等保护格局,通过司法政策建立必要的民营企业决策出罪机制。

The Amendment 12^(th)of the Criminal Law focuses on the equal protection of private enterprises in terms of legislative ethics.The criminal legislation protecting enterprises property rights'in our country follows the legislative pattern of"public office crimes first,and private crimes can only be established after the effectiveness of governance is demonstrated".Whether it is from the perspective of common sense,or from the perspective of legislative will and mission,or from the perspective of legislative principles and technology,it is necessary to determine the principle of equal protection of the criminal law.Due to the prudence of criminal law intervention in the market economy,it is appropriate to reasonably determine the Three Crimes including Ilegal Operation of the Same Type Business,Ilegal Profit-Making for Relatives and Friends,Irregularly Selling Shares and Enterprises Assets at Low Prices should be based upon the principle of"differentiated equality".Judicially,it is necessary to construct a pattern of equal protection of public and private sectors through judicial interpretations,and establish a diversion mechanism for criminalizing private enterprise decision-making through judicial policy.