先进复合材料在长航时太阳能无人机上的应用

Application of advanced composites in long-endurance solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicles

长航时太阳能无人机以太阳辐射为能源,基于电力推进系统进行驱动,可全天持续供电,解决了常规无人机储能能力有限的问题,其具有飞行高度高、续航时间长和无环境污染等特点,广泛应用于军事和民用领域。针对长航时太阳能无人机大翼展、大展弦比等特征,必须采用具有高强度、高刚度特性的碳纤维复合材料,以满足长航时太阳能无人机对材料的轻质化、高刚度、高性能等要求。综述了长航时太阳能无人机的特点及国内外典型型号发展现状,介绍了先进复合材料在太阳能无人机上的应用情况,并展望了先进复合材料在太阳能无人机上的应用趋势。

Long-endurance solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)use solar radiation as their energy source and are driven by electric propulsion system,providing continuous power supply throughout the day and solving the problem of limited energy storage capacity for conventional UAVs.They have the characteristics of high flight altitude,long endurance,and no environmental pollution,making them widely used in military and civilian fields.In response to the characteristics of long endurance solar-powered UAVs such as large wingspan and high aspect ratio,carbon fiber composite materials with high strength and stiffness characteristics must be used to meet the requirements of lightweight,high stiffness and high performance of materials for long-endurance solar-powered UAVs.This article reviewed the characteristics and typical product development status of long-endurance solar-powered UAVs,introduced the application of advanced composites in solar-powered UAVs,and looked forward to the application trend of advanced composites in solar-powered UAVs.